Alle afleveringen van Data Skeptic – pagina 6 van 13

Pandemic Machine Learning Pitfalls

26 april 2021 · 40 min

Afspelen

Today on the show Derek Driggs, a PhD Student at the University of Cambridge. He comes on to discuss the work Common Pitfalls and Recommendations for Using Machine Learning to Detect and Prognosticate for COVID-19 Using Chest Radiographs and CT Scans. Lees meer

Help us vote for the next theme of Data Skeptic!

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Flesch Kincaid Readability Tests

19 april 2021 · 20 min

Afspelen

Given a document in English, how can you estimate the ease with which someone will find they can read it? Does it require a college-level of reading comprehension or is it something a much younger student could read and understand? Lees meer

While these questions are useful to ask, they don't admit a simple answer. One option is to use one of the (essentially identical) two Flesch Kincaid Readability Tests. These are simple calculations which provide you with a rough estimate of the reading ease.

In this episode, Kyle shares his thoughts on this tool and when it could be appropriate to use as part of your feature engineering pipeline towards a machine learning objective.

For empirical validation of these metrics, the plot below compares English language Wikipedia pages with "Simple English" Wikipedia pages. The analysis Kyle describes in this episode yields the intuitively pleasing histogram below. It summarizes the distribution of Flesch reading ease scores for 1000 pages examined from both Wikipedias.

Fairness Aware Outlier Detection

9 april 2021 · 40 min

Afspelen

Today on the show we have Shubhranshu Shekar, a Ph. D Student at Carnegie Mellon University, who joins us to talk about his work, FAIROD: Fairness-aware Outlier Detection.

Life May be Rare

5 april 2021 · 43 min

Afspelen

Today on the show Dr. Anders Sandburg, Senior Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, comes on to share his work "The Timing of Evolutionary Transitions Suggest Intelligent Life is Rare." Lees meer

Works Mentioned:

Paper:
"The Timing of Evolutionary Transitions Suggest Intelligent Life is Rare."by Andrew E Snyder-Beattie, Anders Sandberg, K Eric Drexler, Michael B Bonsall

Twitter:
@anderssandburg

Social Networks

29 maart 2021 · 50 min

Afspelen

Mayank Kejriwal, Research Professor at the University of Southern California and Researcher at the Information Sciences Institute, joins us today to discuss his work and his new book Knowledge, Graphs, Fundamentals, Techniques and Applications by Mayank Kejriwal, Craig A. Knoblock, and Pedro Szekley. Lees meer

Works Mentioned
"Knowledge, Graphs, Fundamentals, Techniques and Applications"by Mayank Kejriwal, Craig A. Knoblock, and Pedro Szekley

The QAnon Conspiracy

22 maart 2021 · 44 min

Afspelen

QAnon is a conspiracy theory born in the underbelly of the internet. While easy to disprove, these cryptic ideas captured the minds of many people and (in part) paved the way to the 2021 storming of the US Capital. Lees meer

This is a contemporary conspiracy which came into existence and grew in a very digital way. This makes it possible for researchers to study this phenomenon in a way not accessible in previous conspiracy theories of similar popularity.

This episode is not so much a debunking of this debunked theory, but rather an exploration of the metadata and origins of this conspiracy.

This episode is also the first in our 2021 Pilot Season in which we are going to test out a few formats for Data Skeptic to see what our next season should be. This is the first installment. In a few weeks, we're going to ask everyone to vote for their favorite theme for our next season.

Benchmarking Vision on Edge vs Cloud

15 maart 2021 · 48 min

Afspelen

Karthick Shankar, Masters Student at Carnegie Mellon University, and Somali Chaterji, Assistant Professor at Purdue University, join us today to discuss the paper "JANUS: Benchmarking Commercial and Open-Source Cloud and Edge Platforms for Object and Anomaly Detection Workloads" Lees meer

Works Mentioned:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9284314
"JANUS: Benchmarking Commercial and Open-Source Cloud and Edge Platforms for Object and Anomaly Detection Workloads."

by: Karthick Shankar, Pengcheng Wang, Ran Xu, Ashraf Mahgoub, Somali ChaterjiSocial Media

Karthick Shankar
https://twitter.com/karthick_sh

Somali Chaterji
https://twitter.com/somalichaterji?lang=en
https://schaterji.io/

Goodhart's Law in Reinforcement Learning

5 maart 2021 · 37 min

Afspelen

Hal Ashton, a PhD student from the University College of London, joins us today to discuss a recent work Causal Campbell-Goodhart's law and Reinforcement Learning. Lees meer

"Only buy honey from a local producer." - Hal Ashton

Works Mentioned:

"Causal Campbell-Goodhart's law and Reinforcement Learning"by Hal AshtonBook

"The Book of Why"by Judea PearlPaper

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Video Anomaly Detection

1 maart 2021 · 24 min

Afspelen

Yuqi Ouyang, in his second year of PhD study at the University of Warwick in England, joins us today to discuss his work "Video Anomaly Detection by Estimating Likelihood of Representations."Works Mentioned: Lees meer

Video Anomaly Detection by Estimating Likelihood of Representations
https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01468
by: Yuqi Ouyang, Victor Sanchez

Fault Tolerant Distributed Gradient Descent

22 februari 2021 · 36 min

Afspelen

Nirupam Gupta, a Computer Science Post Doctoral Researcher at EDFL University in Switzerland, joins us today to discuss his work "Byzantine Fault-Tolerance in Peer-to-Peer Distributed Gradient-Descent." Lees meer

Works Mentioned:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.12316

Byzantine Fault-Tolerance in Peer-to-Peer Distributed Gradient-Descent
by Nirupam Gupta and Nitin H. Vaidya

Conference Details:

https://georgetown.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJ0sc-2grDwjEtfnLI0zPnN-GwkDvJdaOxXF

Decentralized Information Gathering

15 februari 2021 · 33 min

Afspelen

Mikko Lauri, Post Doctoral researcher at the University of Hamburg, Germany, comes on the show today to discuss the work Information Gathering in Decentralized POMDPs by Policy Graph Improvements. Lees meer

Follow Mikko: @mikko_lauri

Github https://laurimi.github.io/

Leaderless Consensus

5 februari 2021 · 27 min

Afspelen

Balaji Arun, a PhD Student in the Systems of Software Research Group at Virginia Tech, joins us today to discuss his research of distributed systems through the paper "Taming the Contention in Consensus-based Distributed Systems." Lees meer

Works Mentioned
"Taming the Contention in Consensus-based Distributed Systems"
by Balaji Arun, Sebastiano Peluso, Roberto Palmieri, Giuliano Losa, and Binoy Ravindran
https://www.ssrg.ece.vt.edu/papers/tdsc20-author-version.pdf

"Fast Paxos"
by Leslie Lamport
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00446-006-0005-x

Automatic Summarization

29 januari 2021 · 28 min

Afspelen

Maartje ter Hoeve, PhD Student at the University of Amsterdam, joins us today to discuss her research in automated summarization through the paper "What Makes a Good Summary? Reconsidering the Focus of Automatic Summarization." Lees meer

Works Mentioned
"What Makes a Good Summary? Reconsidering the Focus of Automatic Summarization."
by Maartje der Hoeve, Juilia Kiseleva, and Maarten de Rijke

Contact
Email:
m.a.terhoeve@uva.nl

Twitter:
https://twitter.com/maartjeterhoeve

Website:
https://maartjeth.github.io/#get-in-touch

Gerrymandering

22 januari 2021 · 34 min

Afspelen

Brian Brubach, Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department at Wellesley College, joins us today to discuss his work "Meddling Metrics: the Effects of Measuring and Constraining Partisan Gerrymandering on Voter Incentives". Lees meer

WORKS MENTIONED:
Meddling Metrics: the Effects of Measuring and Constraining Partisan Gerrymandering on Voter Incentives
by Brian Brubach, Aravind Srinivasan, and Shawn Zhao

Even Cooperative Chess is Hard

15 januari 2021 · 23 min

Afspelen

Aside from victory questions like "can black force a checkmate on white in 5 moves?" many novel questions can be asked about a game of chess. Some questions are trivial (e.g. "How many pieces does white have?") while more computationally challenging questions can contribute interesting results in computational complexity theory. Lees meer

In this episode, Josh Brunner, Master's student in Theoretical Computer Science at MIT, joins us to discuss his recent paper Complexity of Retrograde and Helpmate Chess Problems: Even Cooperative Chess is Hard.

Works Mentioned
Complexity of Retrograde and Helpmate Chess Problems: Even Cooperative Chess is Hard
by Josh Brunner, Erik D. Demaine, Dylan Hendrickson, and Juilian Wellman

1x1 Rush Hour With Fixed Blocks is PSPACE Complete
by Josh Brunner, Lily Chung, Erik D. Demaine, Dylan Hendrickson, Adam Hesterberg, Adam Suhl, Avi Zeff

Consecutive Votes in Paxos

11 januari 2021 · 30 min

Afspelen

Eil Goldweber, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, comes on today to share his work in applying formal verification to systems and a modification to the Paxos protocol discussed in the paper Significance on Consecutive Ballots in Paxos. Lees meer

Works Mentioned :
Previous Episode on Paxos
https://dataskeptic.com/blog/episodes/2020/distributed-consensus

Paper:
On the Significance on Consecutive Ballots in Paxos by: Eli Goldweber, Nuda Zhang, and Manos Kapritsos

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Visual Illusions Deceiving Neural Networks

1 januari 2021 · 34 min

Afspelen

Today on the show we have Adrian Martin, a Post-doctoral researcher from the University of Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain. He comes on the show today to discuss his research from the paper "Convolutional Neural Networks can be Deceived by Visual Illusions." Lees meer

Works Mentioned in Paper:
"Convolutional Neural Networks can be Decieved by Visual Illusions." by Alexander Gomez-Villa, Adrian Martin, Javier Vazquez-Corral, and Marcelo Bertalmio

Examples:

Snake Illusions
https://www.illusionsindex.org/i/rotating-snakes

Twitter:
Alex: @alviur

Adrian: @adriMartin13

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Earthquake Detection with Crowd-sourced Data

25 december 2020 · 29 min

Afspelen

Have you ever wanted to hear what an earthquake sounds like? Today on the show we have Omkar Ranadive, Computer Science Masters student at NorthWestern University, who collaborates with Suzan van der Lee, an Earth and Planetary Sciences professor at Northwestern University, on the crowd-sourcing project Earthquake Detective. Lees meer

Email Links:
Suzan: suzan@earth.northwestern.edu
Omkar: omkar.ranadive@u.northwestern.edu

Works Mentioned:

Paper: Applying Machine Learning to Crowd-sourced Data from Earthquake Detective
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04740
by Omkar Ranadive, Suzan van der Lee, Vivan Tang, and Kevin Chao
Github: https://github.com/Omkar-Ranadive/Earthquake-Detective
Earthquake Detective: https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/vivitang/earthquake-detective

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Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus

22 december 2020 · 36 min

Afspelen

Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is a desirable property in a distributed computing environment. BFT means the system can survive the loss of nodes and nodes becoming unreliable. There are many different protocols for achieving BFT, though not all options can scale to large network sizes. Lees meer

Ted Yin joins us to explain BFT, survey the wide variety of protocols, and share details about HotStuff.

Alpha Fold

11 december 2020 · 23 min

Afspelen

Kyle shared some initial reactions to the announcement about Alpha Fold 2's celebrated performance in the CASP14 prediction. By many accounts, this exciting result means protein folding is now a solved problem. Lees meer

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Arrow's Impossibility Theorem

4 december 2020 · 26 min

Afspelen

Above all, everyone wants voting to be fair. What does fair mean and how can we measure it? Kenneth Arrow posited a simple set of conditions that one would certainly desire in a voting system. For example, unanimity - if everyone picks candidate A, then A should win! Lees meer

Yet surprisingly, under a few basic assumptions, this theorem demonstrates that no voting system exists which can satisfy all the criteria.

This episode is a discussion about the structure of the proof and some of its implications.

Works Mentioned

A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare by Kenneth J. Arrow

Three Brief Proofs of Arrows Impossibility Theorem by John Geanakoplos

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Face Mask Sentiment Analysis

27 november 2020 · 41 min

Afspelen

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the public (or at least those with Twitter accounts) are sharing their personal opinions about mask-wearing via Twitter. What does this data tell us about public opinion? How does it vary by demographic? What, if anything, can make people change their minds? Lees meer

Today we speak to, Neil Yeung and Jonathan Lai, Undergraduate students in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Rochester, and Professor of Computer Science, Jiebo-Luoto to discuss their recent paper. Face Off: Polarized Public Opinions on Personal Face Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Works Mentioned
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.00336

Emails:
Neil Yeung
nyeung@u.rochester.edu

Jonathan Lia
jlai11@u.rochester.edu

Jiebo Luo
jluo@cs.rochester.edu

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Counting Briberies in Elections

20 november 2020 · 38 min

Afspelen

Niclas Boehmer, second year PhD student at Berlin Institute of Technology, comes on today to discuss the computational complexity of bribery in elections through the paper "On the Robustness of Winners: Counting Briberies in Elections." Lees meer

Links Mentioned:
https://www.akt.tu-berlin.de/menue/team/boehmer_niclas/

Works Mentioned:
"On the Robustness of Winners: Counting Briberies in Elections." by Niclas Boehmer, Robert Bredereck, Piotr Faliszewski. Rolf Niedermier

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Sybil Attacks on Federated Learning

13 november 2020 · 32 min

Afspelen

Clement Fung, a Societal Computing PhD student at Carnegie Mellon University, discusses his research in security of machine learning systems and a defense against targeted sybil-based poisoning called FoolsGold. Lees meer

Works Mentioned:
The Limitations of Federated Learning in Sybil Settings

Twitter:

@clemfung

Website:
https://clementfung.github.io/

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Differential Privacy at the US Census

6 november 2020 · 30 min

Afspelen

Simson Garfinkel, Senior Computer Scientist for Confidentiality and Data Access at the US Census Bureau, discusses his work modernizing the Census Bureau disclosure avoidance system from private to public disclosure avoidance techniques using differential privacy. Some of the discussion revolves around the topics in the paper Randomness Concerns When Deploying Differential Privacy. Lees meer

WORKS MENTIONED:

"Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis" by Cynthia Dwork, Frank McSherry, Kobbi Nissim, Adam Smith

"Issues Encountered Deploying Differential Privacy" by Simson L Garfinkel, John M Abowd, and Sarah Powazek

"Randomness Concerns When Deploying Differential Privacy" by Simson L. Garfinkel and Philip Leclerc

Check out: https://simson.net/page/Differential_privacy

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Distributed Consensus

30 oktober 2020 · 28 min

Afspelen

Computer Science research fellow of Cambridge University, Heidi Howard discusses Paxos, Raft, and distributed consensus in distributed systems alongside with her work "Paxos vs. Raft: Have we reached consensus on distributed consensus?" Lees meer

She goes into detail about the leaders in Paxos and Raft and how The Raft Consensus Algorithm actually inspired her to pursue her PhD.

Paxos vs Raft paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05074

Leslie Lamport paper "part-time Parliament"
https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/lamport-paxos.pdf

Leslie Lamport paper "Paxos Made Simple"
https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf

Twitter : @heidiann360

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ACID Compliance

23 oktober 2020 · 24 min

Afspelen

Linhda joins Kyle today to talk through A.C.I.D. Compliance (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability). The presence of these four components can ensure that a database's transaction is completed in a timely manner. Kyle uses examples such as google sheets, bank transactions, and even the game rummy cube. Lees meer

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National Popular Vote Interstate Compact

16 oktober 2020 · 31 min

Afspelen

Patrick Rosenstiel joins us to discuss the The National Popular Vote.

Defending the p-value

12 oktober 2020 · 30 min

Afspelen

Yudi Pawitan joins us to discuss his paper Defending the P-value.

Retraction Watch

5 oktober 2020 · 32 min

Afspelen

Ivan Oransky joins us to discuss his work documenting the scientific peer-review process at retractionwatch.com.

Crowdsourced Expertise

21 september 2020 · 28 min

Afspelen

Derek Lim joins us to discuss the paper Expertise and Dynamics within Crowdsourced Musical Knowledge Curation: A Case Study of the Genius Platform.

The Spread of Misinformation Online

14 september 2020 · 36 min

Afspelen

Neil Johnson joins us to discuss the paper The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views.

Consensus Voting

7 september 2020 · 23 min

Afspelen

Mashbat Suzuki joins us to discuss the paper How Many Freemasons Are There? The Consensus Voting Mechanism in Metric Spaces. Lees meer

Check out Mashbat's and many other great talks at the 13th Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT 2020)

Voting Mechanisms

31 augustus 2020 · 27 min

Afspelen

Steven Heilman joins us to discuss his paper Designing Stable Elections. Lees meer

For a general interest article, see: https://theconversation.com/the-electoral-college-is-surprisingly-vulnerable-to-popular-vote-changes-141104

Steven Heilman receives funding from the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

False Consensus

25 augustus 2020 · 33 min

Afspelen

Sami Yousif joins us to discuss the paper The Illusion of Consensus: A Failure to Distinguish Between True and False Consensus. This work empirically explores how individuals evaluate consensus under different experimental conditions reviewing online news articles. Lees meer

Fraud Detection in Real Time

18 augustus 2020 · 38 min

Afspelen

In this solo episode, Kyle overviews the field of fraud detection with eCommerce as a use case. He discusses some of the techniques and system architectures used by companies to fight fraud with a focus on why these things need to be approached from a real-time perspective. Lees meer

Listener Survey Review

11 augustus 2020 · 23 min

Afspelen

In this episode, Kyle and Linhda review the results of our recent survey. Hear all about the demographic details and how we interpret these results.

Human Computer Interaction and Online Privacy

27 juli 2020 · 33 min

Afspelen

Moses Namara from the HATLab joins us to discuss his research into the interaction between privacy and human-computer interaction.

Authorship Attribution of Lennon McCartney Songs

20 juli 2020 · 33 min

Afspelen

Mark Glickman joins us to discuss the paper Data in the Life: Authorship Attribution in Lennon-McCartney Songs.

GANs Can Be Interpretable

11 juli 2020 · 27 min

Afspelen

Erik Härkönen joins us to discuss the paper GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controls. During the interview, Kyle makes reference to this amazing interpretable GAN controls video and it's accompanying codebase found here. Erik mentions the GANspace collab notebook which is a rapid way to try these ideas out for yourself. Lees meer

Sentiment Preserving Fake Reviews

7 juli 2020 · 29 min

Afspelen

David Ifeoluwa Adelani joins us to discuss Generating Sentiment-Preserving Fake Online Reviews Using Neural Language Models and Their Human- and Machine-based Detection.

Interpretability Practitioners

26 juni 2020 · 32 min

Afspelen

Sungsoo Ray Hong joins us to discuss the paper Human Factors in Model Interpretability: Industry Practices, Challenges, and Needs.

Facial Recognition Auditing

19 juni 2020 · 48 min

Afspelen

Deb Raji joins us to discuss her recent publication Saving Face: Investigating the Ethical Concerns of Facial Recognition Auditing.

Robust Fit to Nature

12 juni 2020 · 38 min

Afspelen

Uri Hasson joins us this week to discuss the paper Robust-fit to Nature: An Evolutionary Perspective on Biological (and Artificial) Neural Networks.

Black Boxes Are Not Required

5 juni 2020 · 32 min

Afspelen

Deep neural networks are undeniably effective. They rely on such a high number of parameters, that they are appropriately described as "black boxes". Lees meer

While black boxes lack desirably properties like interpretability and explainability, in some cases, their accuracy makes them incredibly useful.

But does achiving "usefulness" require a black box? Can we be sure an equally valid but simpler solution does not exist?

Cynthia Rudin helps us answer that question. We discuss her recent paper with co-author Joanna Radin titled (spoiler warning)…

Why Are We Using Black Box Models in AI When We Don't Need To? A Lesson From An Explainable AI Competition

Robustness to Unforeseen Adversarial Attacks

30 mei 2020 · 22 min

Afspelen

Daniel Kang joins us to discuss the paper Testing Robustness Against Unforeseen Adversaries.

Estimating the Size of Language Acquisition

22 mei 2020 · 25 min

Afspelen

Frank Mollica joins us to discuss the paper Humans store about 1.5 megabytes of information during language acquisition

Interpretable AI in Healthcare

15 mei 2020 · 36 min

Afspelen

Jayaraman Thiagarajan joins us to discuss the recent paper Calibrating Healthcare AI: Towards Reliable and Interpretable Deep Predictive Models.

Understanding Neural Networks

8 mei 2020 · 35 min

Afspelen

What does it mean to understand a neural network? That's the question posted on this arXiv paper. Kyle speaks with Tim Lillicrap about this and several other big questions.

Self-Explaining AI

2 mei 2020 · 32 min

Afspelen

Dan Elton joins us to discuss self-explaining AI. What could be better than an interpretable model? How about a model wich explains itself in a conversational way, engaging in a back and forth with the user. Lees meer

We discuss the paper Self-explaining AI as an alternative to interpretable AI which presents a framework for self-explainging AI.