Alle afleveringen
348 afleveringen, van nieuw naar oud
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101 - Naive Realism (rebroadcast)
9 mei 2017 · 54 min
In psychology, they call it naive realism, the tendency to believe that the other side is wrong because they are misinformed, that if they knew what you knew, they would change their minds to match yours. Lees meer
According to Lee Ross, co-author of the new book, The Wisest One in the Room, this is the default position most humans take when processing a political opinion. When confronted with people who disagree, you tend to assume there must be a rational explanation. What we don't think, however, is maybe WE are the ones who are wrong. We never go into the debate hoping to be enlightened, only to crush our opponents.
Listen in this episode as legendary psychologist Lee Ross explains how to identify, avoid, and combat this most pernicious of cognitive mistakes.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
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100 - The Replication Crisis
20 april 2017 · 50 min
"Science is wrong about everything, but you can trust it more than anything." Lees meer
That's the assertion of psychologist Brian Nosek, director of the Center for Open Science, who is working to correct what he sees as the temporarily wayward path of psychology.
Currently, psychology is facing what some are calling a replication crisis. Much of the most headline-producing research in the last 20 years isn't standing up to attempts to reproduce its findings. Nosek wants to clean up the processes that have lead to this situation, and in this episode, you'll learn how.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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099 - The Half Life of Facts
10 april 2017 · 30 min
In medical school they tell you half of what you are about to learn won't be true when you graduate - they just don't know which half. In every field of knowledge, half of what is true today will overturned, replaced, or refined at some point, and it turns out that we actually know when that will be for many things. In this episode, listen as author and scientist Sam Arbesman explains how understanding the half life of facts can lead to better lives, institutions, and, of course, better science. Lees meer
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
- • - The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
- • - Zip Recruiter: www.ziprecruiter.com/notsosmartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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098 - Active Information Avoidance
28 maart 2017 · 39 min
The cyberpunks, the Founding Fathers, 19th Century philosophers, and the Enlightenment thinkers - they all looked forward to the world in which we now live, a multimedia psychedelic freakout in which information is free, decentralized, democratized, and easy to access. What they didn't count on though, was that we would choose to keep a whole lot of it out of our heads. Lees meer
In this episode, we explore a psychological phenomenon called active information avoidance, the act of keeping our senses away from information that might be useful, and that we know is out there, but that we'd rather not learn.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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097 - Scams (rebroadcast)
11 maart 2017 · 1 uur 2 min
Before we had names for them or a science to study them, the people who could claim the most expertise on biases, fallacies, heuristics and all the other quirks of human reasoning and perception were scam artists, con artists, and magicians. On this episode, magician and scam expert Brian Brushwood explains why people fall for scams of all sizes, how to avoid them, and why most magicians can spot a fraudster a mile away. Lees meer
Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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096 - Progress
25 februari 2017 · 1 uur 6 min
Do we have the power to change the outcome of history? Is progress inevitable? Is it natural? Are we headed somewhere definite, or is change just chaos that seems organized in hindsight? In this episode we explore these questions with University of Chicago historian Ada Palmer. Lees meer
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
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• Playing with Science: www.startalkradio.net/show/welcome-playing-science
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095 - The Backfire Effect - Part Three
11 februari 2017 · 1 uur 3 min
If dumping evidence into people’s laps often just makes their beliefs stronger, would we just be better off trying some other tactic, or does the truth ever win? Lees meer
Do people ever come around, or are we causing more harm than good by leaning on facts instead of some other technique?
In this episode we learn from two scientists how to combat the backfire effect. One used an ingenious research method to identify the breaking point at which people stop resisting and begin accepting the fact that they might be wrong. The other literally wrote the instruction manual for avoiding the backfire effect and debunking myths using the latest psychological research into effective persuasive techniques.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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094 - The Backfire Effect - Part Two
29 januari 2017 · 47 min
If you try to correct someone who you know is wrong, you run the risk of alarming their brains to a sort-of existential, epistemic threat, and if you do that, when that person expends effortful thinking to escape, that effort can strengthen their beliefs instead of weakening them. Lees meer
In this episode you'll hear from three experts who explain why trying to correct misinformation can end up causing more harm than good.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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093 - The Backfire Effect - Part One
13 januari 2017 · 41 min
We don’t treat all of our beliefs the same. Lees meer
The research shows that when a strong-yet-erroneous, belief is challenged, yes, you might experience some temporary weakening of your convictions, some softening of your certainty, but most people rebound from that and not only reassert their original belief at its original strength, but go beyond that and dig in their heels, deepening their resolve over the long run.
Psychologists call this the backfire effect, and this episode is the first of three shows exploring this well-documented and much-studied psychological phenomenon, one that you’ve likely encountered quite a bit lately.
In this episode, we explore its neurological underpinning as two neuroscientists at the University of Southern California’s Brain and Creativity Institute explain how their latest research sheds new light on how the brain reacts when its deepest beliefs are challenged.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• The Great Courses: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
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091 - Learned Helplessness (rebroadcast)
15 december 2016 · 47 min
Even when the prison doors are left wide open, we sometimes refuse to attempt escape. Why is that? Lees meer
In this rebroadcast of one of our most popular episodes we learn all about the strange phenomenon of learned helplessness and how it keeps people in bad jobs, poor health, terrible relationships, and awful circumstances despite how easy it might be to escape any one of those scenarios with just one more effort.
You'll learn how to defeat this psychological trap with advice from psychologists Jennifer Welbourne, who studies attributional styles in the workplace, and Kym Bennett who studies the effects of pessimism on health.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
- Become a patron at: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmartSPONSORS
• Exo Protein: exoprotein.com/sosmart
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090 - Reality - Donald Hoffman
2 december 2016 · 1 uur 6 min
Have you ever questioned the nature of your reality? For our guest in this episode, cognitive psychologist Donald Hoffman, that's his day job. Lees meer
Hoffman has developed a new theory of consciousness that, should it prove true, may rearrange our understanding of reality itself.
Listen as Hoffman talks about the bicameral mind, the umwelt, and the hard problem of consciousness in this mindbending episode about how we make sense of our world, our existence, and ourselves.
- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
SPONSORS
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089 - Connections - James Burke
17 november 2016 · 1 uur 11 min
Legendary science historian James Burke returns to explain his newest project, a Connections app that will allow anyone to "think connectively" about the webs of knowledge available on Wikipedia. Lees meer
Burke predicted back in 1978 that we’d one day need better tools than just search alone if we were to avoid the pitfalls of siloed information and confirmation bias, and this month he launched a Kickstarter campaign to help create just such a tool - an app that searches connectivity and produces something Google and social media often don’t - surprises, anomalies, unexpected results, and connections, in the same style as his documentary series, books, and other projects.
In the interview, Burke shares his latest insights on change, technology, the future, social media, models of reality, and more.
To support the Kickstarter campaign for the Connections app, here are some links:
• http://jbconnectionsapp.com
• http://knowledgediscoveries.com
• http://kck.st/2eIg21R- Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
SPONSORS
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088 - Moral Arguments
4 november 2016 · 56 min
In this divisive and polarized era how do you bridge the political divide between left and right? You do you persuade the people on the other side to see things your way? Lees meer
New research by sociologist Robb Willer and psychologist Matthew Feinberg suggests that the answer is in learning how to cross something they call the empathy gap.
When we produce arguments, we do so from within our own moral framework and in the language of our moral values. Those values rest on top of a set of psychological tendencies influenced by our genetic predispositions and shaped by our cultural exposure that blind us to alternate viewpoints.
Because of this, we find it very difficult to construct an argument with the same facts, but framed in a different morality. Willer's work suggests that if we did that, we would find it a much more successful route to persuading people we usually think of as unreachable.
Show Notes: www.youarenotsosmart.com
SPONSORS
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087 - Paranoia
20 oktober 2016 · 31 min
Jesse Walker is the author of The United States of Paranoia: A Conspiracy Theory, a book that explores the history of American conspiracy theories going all the way back to the first colonies. Lees meer
Walker argues that conspiratorial thinking is not a feature of the fringe, but a fundamental way of looking at the world that is very much mainstream.
Listen as Walker explains why we love conspiracy theories, how they flourish, how they harm, and what they say about a culture.
Show notes at: http://youarenotsosmart.com
SPONSORS:
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• EXO Protein - http://exoprotein.com/sosmartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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086 - Change My View
9 oktober 2016 · 1 uur 16 min
For computer scientist Chenhao Tan and his team, the internet community called Change My View offered something amazing, a ready-made natural experiment that had been running for years. Lees meer
All they had to do was feed it into the programs they had designed to understand the back-and-forth between human beings and then analyze the patterns the emerged. When they did that, they discovered two things: what kind of arguments are most likely to change people’s minds, and what kinds of minds are most likely to be changed.
In this episode you’ll hear from the co-founder of Reddit, the moderators of Change My View, and the scientists studying how people argue on the internet as we explore what it takes to change people’s perspective and whether the future of our online lives is thicker filter bubbles or the whittling away of bad ideas.
SPONSORS
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085 - Misremembering - Julia Shaw (rebroadcast)
22 september 2016 · 41 min
Julia Shaw's research demonstrates the fact that there is no reason to believe a memory is more accurate just because it is vivid or detailed. Actually, that’s a potentially dangerous belief. Lees meer
Shaw used techniques similar to police interrogations, and over the course of three conversations she and her team were able to convince a group of college students that those students had committed a felony crime.
In this episode, you’ll hear her explain how easy it is to implant the kind of false memories that cause people just like you to believe they deserve to go to jail for crimes that never happened and what she suggests police departments should do to avoid such distortions of the truth.
• Show Notes: http://youarenotsosmart.com
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Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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084 - Getting Gamers - Jamie Madigan
8 september 2016 · 57 min
Why do people cheat? Why are our online worlds often so toxic? What motivates us to "catch 'em all" in Pokemon, grinding away for hours to hatch eggs? Lees meer
In this episode, psychologist Jamie Madigan, author of Getting Gamers, explains how by exploring the way people interact with video games we can better understand how brains interact with everything else.
SPONSORS:
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• Squarespace: www.squarespace.com - offer code: SOSMARTShow notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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083 - Idiot Brain - Dean Burnett
25 augustus 2016 · 53 min
In this episode we interview Dean Burnett, author of "Idiot Brain: What Your Brain is Really Up To." Burnett's book is a guide to the neuroscience behind the things that our amazing brains do poorly. Lees meer
In the interview we discuss motion sickness, the pain of breakups, why criticisms are more powerful than compliments, the imposter syndrome, anti-intellectualism, irrational fears, and more. Burnett also explains how the brain is kinda sorta like a computer, but a really bad one that messes with your files, rewrites your documents, and edits your photos when you aren't around.
Dean Burnett is a neuroscientist who lectures at Cardiff University and writes about brain stuff over at his blog, Brain Flapping hosted by The Guardian.
SPONSORS:
• The Great Courses Plus: http://www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smart
• Blue Apron: http://www.blueapron.com/yanssShow notes at: http://www.youarenotsosmart.com
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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082 - Crowds (rebroadcast)
11 augustus 2016 · 51 min
This episode’s guest, Michael Bond, is the author of The Power of Others, and reading his book I was surprised to learn that despite several decades of research into crowd psychology, the answers to most questions concerning crowds can still be traced back to a book printed in 1895. Lees meer
Gustave’s Le Bon’s book, “The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind,” explains that humans in large groups are dangerous, that people spontaneously de-evolve into subhuman beasts who are easily swayed and prone to violence. That viewpoint has informed the policies and tactics of governments and police forces for more than a century, and like many prescientific musings, much of it is wrong.
Listen in this episode as Bond explains that the more research the social sciences conduct, the less the idea of a mindless, animalistic mob seems to be true. He also explains what police forces and governments should be doing instead of launching tear gas canisters from behind riot shields which actually creates the situation they are trying to prevent. Also, we touch on the psychology of suicide bombers, which is just as surprising as what he learned researching crowds.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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081 - The Climate Paradox
28 juli 2016 · 57 min
In this episode, psychologist Per Espen Stoknes discusses his book: What We Think About When We Try Not to Think About Global Warming. Lees meer
Stoknes has developed a strategy for science communicators who find themselves confronted with climate change deniers who aren't swayed by facts and charts. His book presents a series of psychology-based steps designed to painlessly change people’s minds and avoid the common mistakes scientists tend to make when explaining climate change to laypeople.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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080 - Deep Canvassing
14 juli 2016 · 59 min
Oddly enough, we don’t actually know very much about how to change people’s minds, not scientifically, that's why the work of the a group of LGBT activists in Los Angeles is offering something valuable to psychology and political science - uncharted scientific territory. Lees meer
The Leadership Lab has been developing a technique for the last eight years that can change a person’s mind about a contentious social issue after a 20-minute conversation.
This episode is about that group's redemption after their reputation was threatened by a researcher who, in studying their persuasion technique, committed scientific fraud and forced the retraction of his paper. That research and the retraction got a lot of media attention in 2015, but the story didn't end there.
In the show, you will meet the scientists who uncovered that researcher's fraud and then decided to go ahead and start over, do the research themselves, and see if the technique actually worked.
Show notes at http://youarenotsosmart.com
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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079 - Separate Spheres
30 juni 2016 · 42 min
Common sense used to dictate that men and women should only come together for breakfast and dinner. Lees meer
According to Victorian historian Kaythrn Hughes, people in the early 19th Century thought the outside world was dangerous and unclean and morally dubious and thus no place for a virtuous, fragile woman. The home was a paradise, while men went out into the world and got their hands dirty.
By the mid 1800s, women were leaving home to work in factories and much more, and if you believed in preserving the separate spheres, the concept that men and women should only cross paths at breakfast and dinner, then as we approached the 20th century, this created a lot of anxiety for you.
In this episode of the You Are Not So Smart Podcast, we explore how the separate spheres ideology is still affecting us today, and how some people are using it to scare people into voting down anti-discrimination legislation.
Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
• Patreon: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
• Blue Apron: www.blueapron.com/YANSS
• The Great Courses Plus: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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078 - The Existential Fallacy
16 juni 2016 · 35 min
Hypothetical situations involving dragons, robots, spaceships, and vampires have all been used to prove and disprove arguments. Lees meer
Statements about things that do not exist can still be true, and can be useful thinking tools for exploring philosophical, logical, sociological, and scientific concepts.
The problem is that sometimes those same arguments accidentally require those fictional concepts to be real in order to support their conclusions, and that’s when you commit the existential fallacy.
In this episode we explore the most logical logical fallacy of them all, the existential fallacy. No need to get out your pens and paper, we will do that for you, as we make sense of one the most break-breaking thinking mistakes we’ve ever discovered.
Show notes at: www.youarenotsosmart.com
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SPONSORS
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• The Great Courses Plus: www.thegreatcoursesplus.com/smartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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077 - The Conjunction Fallacy
2 juni 2016 · 34 min
Here is a logic puzzle created by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Lees meer
Linda is single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with the issue of discrimination and social justice, and also participated in demonstrations. Which of the following is more probable: Linda is a bank teller or Linda is a bank teller AND is active in the feminist movement?
In studies, when asked this question, more than 80 percent of people chose number two. Most people said it was more probably that Linda is a bank teller AND active in the feminist movement, but that's wrong. Can you tell why?
This thinking mistake is an example of the subject of this episode - the conjunction fallacy. Listen as three experts in logic and reasoning explain why people get this question wrong, why it is wrong, and how you can avoid committing the conjunction fallacy in other situations.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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076 - The Genetic Fallacy
19 mei 2016 · 39 min
We often overestimate and overstate just how much we can learn about a claim based on where that claim originated, and that's the crux of the genetic fallacy, according to the experts in this episode. Lees meer
The genetic fallacy appears when people trace things back to their sources, and if you traced back to their shared source the ad hominem attack (insulting the source instead of attacking its argument) and the argument from authority (praising the source instead of supporting its argument), you would find the genetic fallacy is the mother of both kinds of faulty reasoning.
You might be in danger of serially committing the genetic fallacy if your first instinct is to ask where attitude-inconsistent comes from once you feel the twinge of fear that appears after a belief is threatened.
In this episode, listen as three experts in logic and rationality when we should and when we should not take the source of a statement into account when deciding if something is true or false.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1XCvCdr
• Patreon: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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075 - Special Pleading / Moving the Goalposts
5 mei 2016 · 38 min
Sometimes you apply a double standard to the things you love, the things you believe, and the things crucial to your identity, and often you do so without realizing it. Lees meer
Special pleading is all about searching for exemptions and excuses for why a standard, or a rule, or a description, or a definition does not apply to something that you hold dear.
It's also used to explain away how something extraordinary fails to stand up to scrutiny, or why there is a lack of evidence for a difficult-to-believe claim.
In this episode, listen as three experts in logic and reasoning dive deep into the odd thinking behind the special pleading fallacy.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/208Sv6V
• Patreon: www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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074 - Begging The Question
21 april 2016 · 35 min
If you believe something is bad because it is...bad, or that something is good because, well, it's good, you probably wouldn't use that kind of reasoning in an argument, yet, sometimes, without realizing it, that's exactly what you do. Lees meer
In this episode three experts in logic and rationality explain how circular reasoning leads us to "beg the question" when producing arguments and defending our ideas, beliefs, and behaviors.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1MNKhQu
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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073 - Bayes' Theorem
8 april 2016 · 1 uur 28 min
We don’t treat all of our beliefs equally. Lees meer
For some, we see them as either true or false, correct or incorrect. For others, we see them as probabilities, chances, odds. In one world, certainty, in the other, uncertainty.
In this episode you will learn from two experts in reasoning how to apply a rule from the 1700s that makes it possible to see all of your beliefs as being in “grayscale,” as neither black nor white, neither 0 nor 100 percent, but always somewhere in between, as a shade of gray reflecting your confidence in just how wrong you might be...given the evidence at hand.
• Show notes: http://bit.ly/1Nfby8T
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SPONSORS
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072 - The Dunning-Kruger Effect (Rebroadcast)
24 maart 2016 · 1 uur 5 min
In this episode, we explore why we are unaware that we lack the skill to tell how unskilled and unaware we are. Lees meer
The evidence gathered so far by psychologists and neuroscientists seems to suggest that each one of us has a relationship with our own ignorance, a dishonest, complicated relationship, and that dishonesty keeps us sane, happy, and willing to get out of bed in the morning. Part of that ignorance is a blind spot we each possess that obscures both our competence and incompetence called the Dunning-Kruger Effect.
It's a psychological phenomenon that arises sometimes in your life because you are generally very bad at self-assessment. If you have ever been confronted with the fact that you were in over your head, or that you had no idea what you were doing, or that you thought you were more skilled at something than you actually were – then you may have experienced this effect. It is very easy to be both unskilled and unaware of it, and in this episode we explore why that is with professor David Dunning, one of the researchers who coined the term and a scientist who continues to add to our understanding of the phenomenon.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1NfbAhf
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
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071 - The Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
9 maart 2016 · 44 min
When you desire meaning, when you want things to line up, when looking for something specific, you tend to notice patterns everywhere, which leads you to ask the question, “What are the odds?” Usually, the odds are actually pretty good. Lees meer
For instance: Does the Bermuda Triangle seem quite as mysterious once you know that just about any triangle of that size drawn over the globe just about anywhere planes and ships frequently travel will contain as many, if not more, missing planes and ships?
Drawing circles (or triangles) around the spots where randomness clusters together seemingly chance events is called The Texas Sharpshooter fallacy, and it is one of the easiest mistakes to make when trying to understand big, complex sets of data.
Though some things in life seem too amazing to be coincidence, too odd to be random, too similar to be chance, given enough time (and enough events) randomness will begin to clump up in places. Since you are born looking for those spots where chance events have built up like sand into dunes, picking out clusters of coincidence is a predicable malfunction of a normal human mind, and it can easily lead to the Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy.
Listen as three experts in reasoning and logic explain why it is so easy to find what you are looking for when you go anomaly hunting in a large set of data.
This episode of the You Are Not So Smart Podcast is the fifth in a full season of episodes exploring logical fallacies. The first episode is here.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1Nokeze
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
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070 - The No True Scotsman Fallacy
25 februari 2016 · 36 min
When your identity becomes intertwined with your definitions, you can easily fall victim to something called The No true Scotsman Fallacy. Lees meer
It often appears during a dilemma: What do you do when a member of a group to which you belong acts in a way that you feel is in opposition to your values? Do you denounce the group, or do you redefine the boundaries of membership for everyone?
In this episode, you will learn from three experts in logic and argumentation how to identify, defend against, and avoid deploying this strange thinking quirk that leads to schisms and stasis in groups both big and small.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1NokrTa
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
• Trunk Club: http://bit.ly/1Sp2wZj
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069 - The Black And White Fallacy
11 februari 2016 · 30 min
Obviously, the world isn't black and white, so why do we try to drain it of color when backed into a rhetorical corner? Lees meer
Why do we have such a hard time realizing that we've suggested the world is devoid of nuance when we are in the heat of an argument?
In this episode we explore the black and white fallacy and the false dichotomies it generates. You'll learn how to spot this fallacy, what to do when someone uses it against you, and how to avoid committing it yourself.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1XNlc8S
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
• Trunk Club: http://bit.ly/1Sp2wZj
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• SquareSpace: http://www.squarespace.com - Offer Code SoSmartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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068 - The Strawman Fallacy
28 januari 2016 · 29 min
When confronted with dogma-threatening, worldview-menacing ideas, your knee-jerk response is usually to lash out and try to bat them away, but thanks to a nearly unavoidable mistake in reasoning, you often end up doing battle with arguments of your own creation. Lees meer
Your lazy brain is always trying to make sense of the world on ever-simpler terms. Just as you wouldn’t use a topographical map to navigate your way to Wendy’s, you tend to navigate reality using a sort of Google Maps interpretation of events and ideas. It’s less accurate, sure, but much easier to understand when details aren’t a priority. But thanks to this heuristical habit, you sometimes create mental men of straw that stand in for the propositions put forth by people who see the world a bit differently than you. In addition to being easy to grasp, they are easy to knock down and hack apart, which wouldn’t be a problem if only you noticed the switcheroo.
This is the essence of the straw man fallacy, probably the most common of all logical fallacies. Setting up and knocking down straw men is so easy to do while arguing that you might not even notice that you are doing it.
In this episode, you’ll learn from three experts in logic and arguing why human brains tend not to realize they are constructing artificial versions of the arguments they wish to defeat. Once you’ve wrapped your mind around that idea, you’ll then learn how to spot the straw man fallacy, how to avoid committing it, and how to defend against it.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1VN5PPP
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
• Trunk Club: http://bit.ly/1Sp2wZj
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• SquareSpace: http://www.squarespace.com - Offer Code SoSmartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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067 - The Fallacy Fallacy
14 januari 2016 · 41 min
If you have ever been in an argument, you've likely committed a logical fallacy, and if you know how logical fallacies work, you've likely committed the fallacy fallacy. Lees meer
Listen as three experts in logic and arguing explain just what a formal argument really is, and how to spot, avoid, and defend against the one logical fallacy that is most likely to turn you into an internet blowhard.
• Show Notes: http://bit.ly/1nfOgcu
• Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
• Donate Directly through PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/DavidMcRaney
SPONSORS
• Trunk Club: http://bit.ly/1Sp2wZj
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• Casper Mattresses: https://casper.com/sosmartPatreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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065 - Survivorship Bias (rebroadcast)
18 december 2015 · 31 min
The problem with sorting out failures and successes is that failures are often muted, destroyed, or somehow removed from sight while successes are left behind, weighting your decisions and perceptions, tilting your view of the world. Lees meer
That means to be successful you must learn how to seek out what is missing. You must learn what not to do. Unfortunately, survivorship bias stands between you and the epiphanies you seek.
To learn how to combat this pernicious bias, we explore the story of Abraham Wald and the Department of War Math founded during World War II.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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064 - Monkey Marketplace - Laurie Santos (rebroadcast)
3 december 2015 · 48 min
Our guest in this episode of the You Are Not So Smart Podcast is psychologist Laurie Santos who heads the Comparative Cognition Laboratory at Yale University. In that lab, she and her colleagues are exploring the fact that when two species share a relative on the evolutionary family tree, not only do they share similar physical features, but they also share similar behaviors. Psychologists and other scientists have used animals to study humans for a very long time, but Santos and her colleagues have taken it a step further by choosing to focus on a closer relation, the capuchin monkey; that way they could investigate subtler, more complex aspects of human decision making – like cognitive biases. Lees meer
One of her most fascinating lines of research has come from training monkeys how to use money. That by itself is worthy of a jaw drop or two. Yes, monkeys can be taught how to trade tokens for food, and for years, Santos has observed capuchin monkeys attempting to solve the same sort of financial problems humans have attempted in prior experiments, and what Santos and others have discovered is pretty amazing. Monkeys and humans seem to be prone to the same biases, and when it comes to money, they make the same kinds of mistakes.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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063 - The Search Effect - Matthew Fisher
19 november 2015 · 53 min
What effect does Google have on your brain? Here's an even weirder question: what effect does knowing that you have access to Google have on your brain? Lees meer
In this episode we explore what happens when a human mind becomes aware that it can instantly, on-command, at any time, search for the answer to any question, and then, most of time, find it.
According to researcher Matthew Fisher, one of the strange side effects is an inflated sense of internal knowledge. In other words, as we use search engines, over time we grow to mistakenly believe we know more than we actually do even when we no longer have access to the internet.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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062 - Naive Realism - Lee Ross
5 november 2015 · 1 uur 1 min
In psychology, they call it naive realism, the tendency to believe that the other side is wrong simply because they are misinformed. Lees meer
According to Lee Ross, co-author of the new book, The Wisest One in the Room, naive realism has three tenets. One, you tend to believe that you arrived at your political opinions after careful, rational analysis through unmediated thoughts and perceptions. Two, since you are extremely careful and devoted to sticking to the facts and thus free from bias and impervious to persuasion, anyone else who has read the things you have read or seen the things you have seen will naturally see things your way, given that they’ve pondered the matter as thoughtfully as you have. And three, if anyone does disagree with your political opinions it must be because they simply don’t have all the facts yet.
Since this is the default position most humans take when processing a political opinion, when confronted with people who disagree, you tend to assume there must be a rational explanation. Usually, that explanation is that the other side is either lazy or stupid or corrupted by some nefarious information-scrambling entity like cable news, a blowhard pundit, a charming pastor or a lack thereof.
Ross and Ward concluded that naive realism leads people to approach political arguments with the confidence that “rational open-minded discourse” will naturally lead to a rapid narrowing of disagreement, but that confidence usually short lived. Instead, they say our “repeated attempts at dialogue with those on the ‘other side’ of a contentious issue make us aware that they rarely yield to our attempts at enlightenment; nor do they yield to the efforts of articulate, fair-minded spokespersons who share our views.” In other words, it’s naive to think evidence presented from the sources you trust will sway your opponents because when they do the same, it never sways you.
Listen in this episode as legendary psychologist Lee Ross explains how to identify, avoid, a…
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061 - Mindfulness - Michael Taft
22 oktober 2015 · 1 uur 22 min
You have the power to wield neuroplasticity to your advantage. Lees meer
Just as you can change your body at the atomic level by lifting weights, you can willfully alter your brain by...thinking in a certain way. In this episode we explore using your brain to change your brain at the level of neurons and synapses beyond what is possible through other methods like learning a new language or earning a degree in chemistry. With mindfulness meditation, the evidence seems to suggest that one can achieve a level of change that would be impossible otherwise. The more you attempt to focus, the better you get at focusing on command, and so a real change begins taking place - you slowly become able to think differently, to hold thoughts differently and to dismiss thoughts that before led to attention difficulties or what feels like unwanted thoughts or clutter - and that’s not magical or the result of shaking hands with a deity, it’s biological. Listen as author and meditation teacher Michael Taft explains the benefits of secular, scientific practice of modern mindfulness meditation
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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060 - Reframing - Robert R. Morris
7 oktober 2015 · 1 uur 10 min
Reframing is one of those psychological tools that just plain works. It’s practical, simple, and with practice and repetition it often leads to real change in people with a variety of thinking problems. Lees meer
It works because we rarely question our own interpretations, the meanings we construct when examining a set of facts, or our own introspections of internal emotional states. So much of the things the anxiety and fear we feel when anticipating the future is just the result of plucking from a grab bag of best guesses and assumptions, shaky models of reality that may or may not be accurate and will likely pan out much differently than we predict.
In this episode, we meet Tom Bunn, a former commercial pilot who uses reframing to cure people of their fears of flying and Robert Morris, a startup CEO who is developing a social network to crowdsource mental health in which users reframe others people's fears and anxious thoughts and in the process learn to reframe their own fruitless cognitive loops in their daily lives.
After the interview, I discuss a news story about how humanizing slot machines can encourage people to empty their pockets at casinos.
In every episode, after I read a bit of self delusion news, I taste a cookie baked from a recipe sent in by a listener/reader. That listener/reader wins a signed copy of my new book, “You Are Now Less Dumb,” and I post the recipe on the YANSS Pinterest page. This episode’s winner is Marion Low who submitted a recipe for Hertzoggies. Send your own recipes to david {at} youarenotsosmart.com.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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059 - The Illusion Of Control - Michael And Sarah Bennett
23 september 2015 · 1 uur 5 min
In the show, you'll hear Michael elaborate on why that is. In this episode, our guests are Harvard-trained psychiatrist Michael I. Bennett and his comedy writer daughter Sarah Bennett whose new book, Fuck Feelings, makes the case for accepting the illusion of control as a guiding principle for living a better life. Lees meer
Time and again, study after study, psychologists have found that in situations in which the outcomes are clearly, undoubtable random or otherwise outside the realm of control, people tend to latch onto any shred of evidence that could be interpreted otherwise. It's a habit that can lead to self-loathing, ineffectual strategies for change, and lives filled with missed opportunities and squandered productivity.
As the Bennetts explain in the book, most people seek a therapist in an effort to actively deny that they don't have any control over their emotions. Stuck in a neurotic, fruitless loop, people begin to wonder why they can't achieve perpetual happiness or erase their proclivity to procrastinate. If they could just fix the things they see as broken, they could then become the people they've always wanted to be and finally begin their lives.
But just how much control do you really have over your feelings or your essential nature? According to the Bennetts, much less than you would like to believe. Your efforts are better spent elsewhere.
In this episode, listen as Michael and Sarah explain what you should be doing instead, and why they say - "Fuck feelings."
After the interview, I discuss a news story about how people can be fooled into believing a meal is delicious when told a master chef cooked the meal.
In every episode, after I read a bit of self delusion news, I taste a cookie baked from a recipe sent in by a listener/reader. That listener/reader wins a signed copy of my new book, “You Are Now Less Dumb,” and I post the recipe on the YANSS Pinterest page. This episode’s winner is Tiffany R Carrell who submitted a recipe for buttermilk cooki…
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058 - Technology - Clive Thompson (Rebroadcast)
10 september 2015 · 1 uur 11 min
Is all this new technology improving our thinking or dampening it? Are all these new communication tools turning us into navel-gazing human/brand hybrids, or are we developing a new set of senses that allow us to benefit from never severing contact with the people most important to us? Lees meer
That's the topic of this episode of the You Are Not So Smart Podcast, and to answer these questions we welcome this episode's guest, Clive Thompson, who is the author of Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing Our Minds for the Better. As the title suggests, he disagrees with the naysayers, and his book is an impressive investigation into why they are probably (thankfully) wrong.
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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057 - PTSD - Robert D. Laird
27 augustus 2015 · 1 uur 8 min
10 years after Katrina the residents of New Orleans and portions of Mississippi are still experiencing PTSD. In this episode we explore what causes this disorder, why it happens, what triggers the symptoms, and how to combat the effects with University of New Orlean psychologist Robert D. Laird. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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056 - Magicians And Scams - Brian Brushwood
13 augustus 2015 · 1 uur 12 min
Before we had names for them or a science to study them, the people who could claim the most expertise on biases, fallacies, heuristics and all the other quirks of human reasoning and perception were scam artists, con artists, and magicians. On this episode, magician and scam expert Brian Brushwood explains why people fall for scams of all sizes, how to avoid them, and why most magicians can spot a fraudster a mile away. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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055 - WEIRD People - Steven J. Heine
1 augustus 2015 · 48 min
Is psychology too WEIRD? That's what this episode's guest, psychologist Steven J. Heine suggested when he and his colleagues published a paper suggesting that psychology wasn't the study of the human mind, but the study of one kind of human mind, the sort generated by the kinds of brains that happen to be conveniently located near the places where research is usually conducted - North American college undergraduates. They called them the WEIRDest people in the world, short for Western, Education, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic - the kind of people who make up less than 15 percent of the world's population. In this episode, you'll learn why it took so long to figure out it was studying outliers, and what it means for the future of psychology. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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054 - The Self - Bruce Hood (rebroadcast)
16 juli 2015 · 51 min
Is the person you believe to be the protagonist of your life story real or a fictional character? In other words, is your very self real or is it an illusion? According to psychologist Bruce Hood, the person at the center of your life isn't really there; it's all neurological smoke and mirrors. Sure, you have the sensation that you have a self, and that sensation is real, but the beliefs and ideas that spring from it are not. Learn all about it in this episode in which you'll hear some new material mixed with a rebroadcast of episode four's interview with the author of The Self Illusion, Bruce Hood. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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053 - Adaptive Learning - Ulrik Christensen
2 juli 2015 · 49 min
Can new computer programs rid us of the cognitive errors that lead to learned helplessness in the classroom? In this episode Ulrik Christensen, senior fellow of digital learning at McGraw-Hill Education, explains how adaptive learning tools are changing the way teachers approach students, empowering educators to provide the kind of attention required to pass along mastery in areas where traditional approaches don't seem to work. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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052 - Learned Helplessness
23 juni 2015 · 46 min
Stuck in a bad situation, even when the prison doors are left wide open, we sometimes refuse to attempt escape. Why is that? In this episode learn all about the strange phenomenon of learned helplessness and how it keeps people in bad jobs, poor health, terrible relationships, and awful circumstances despite how easy it might be to escape any one of those scenarios with just one more effort. In the episode, you'll learn how to defeat this psychological trap with advice from psychologists Jennifer Welbourne, who studies attributional styles in the workplace, and Kym Bennett who studies the effects of pessimism on health. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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051 - Work - Laszlo Bock
5 juni 2015 · 1 uur 11 min
Work often sucks, but it doesn't have to. In this episode we interview Lazlo Bock, head of People Operations at Google, who helped his company make work suck less, way less, by introducing new policies and procedures based on knowledge gained by psychology and neuroscience concerning biases, fallacies, and other weird human behavior quirks. In addition, Google has advanced our knowledge of such phenomena by conducting its own internal experiments and collecting mountains of data. The result has been a workplace where people are happier, more productive, and better able to pursue that which fulfills their ambitions. Learn all about Google's approach as Lazlo describes his new book, Work Rules, a collection of insights from Google's evidence-based, data-driven human relations juggernaut. Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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050 - Happy Money - Elizabeth Dunn (rebroadcast)
22 mei 2015 · 45 min
It’s peculiar, your inability to predict what will make you happy, and that inability leads you to do stupid things with your money. Once you get a decent job that allows you to buy new shoes on a whim, you start accumulating stuff, and the psychological research into happiness says that stuff is a crappy source of lasting joy. In this rebroadcast, listen as psychologist Elizabeth Dunn explains how to get more happiness out of your money...with science! Lees meer
Patreon: http://patreon.com/youarenotsosmart
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