Learn Japanese with Masa sensei!
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Episode 80 - How to say "I plan to..., I intend to..." (volitional form + to omoimasu, verb + tsumori desu)
2 maart 2022 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaB7oOC5ius&t=531s
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つもりです(tsumori desu): to Intend to Do
Verb + つもりだ
The function is to express what you intend to do. One important point here is that the decision should have been made a while ago. Therefore, you cannot use this for decisions made on the spot.
お酒をやめるつもりです。
osake o yameru tsumori desu
I intend to quit drinking.
明日は家にいるつもり です。
ashita wa ie ni iru tsumori desu.
As for tomorrow, I intend to stay at home.
海外の大学に行くつもりです。
kaigai no daigaku ni iku tsumori desu
I intend to go to a foreign university.
Adding “to omou” or “to omotte iru” (~と思う, ~と思っている) after a verb that is in Volitional Form changes the meaning from “let’s [verb]” to “I am thinking that I will [verb].” Since “to omou” means “I think,” you can picture this grammar pattern as expressing a volitional thought or feeling that you are holding in your mind.
For example, a person who has said “let’s do it” to themselves, internally. The difference between “to omou” (which is present/future tense) and “to omotte iru” (which is progressive tense) in this pattern is that the former implies a new thought (something you have just now begun to think that you will do). The latter implies a longer-term thought (something that you’ve been thinking for a while that you will do).
お母さんに手紙を書こうと思います。
Okaasan ni tegami o kakou to omoi masu
(I think I will write a letter to my mother).
お母さんに手紙を書こうと思っています。
Okaasan ni tegami o kakou to omotte imasu
(I’m thinking I will write a letter to my mother).
お酒をやめようと思います。
osake o yameyou to omoimasu.
I intend to quit drinking.
明日は家にいようと思います。
ashita wa ie ni iyou to omoimasu.
As for tomorrow, I intend to stay at home.
海外の大学に行こうと思います。
kaigai no daigaku ni ikou to omoimasu.
I intend to go to a foreign university.
来年結婚しようと思います。
rainen kekkon shiyou to omoimasu.
I intend to get married next year.
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Episode 79 - How to say "let's do..." (volitional form)
27 februari 2022 · 13 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaB7oOC5ius&t=531s
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a. If the verb is a Group 2 Verb, simply remove the final “masu” syllable and replace it with “you:”
食べます → 食べよう (Tabemasu → Tabeyou)
b. If the verb is an Group 1, its final vowe" imasu" must be changed to “ou,” which means its final syllable must be replaced (for example, if the verb in question is “Yomimasu ” change it to “yomou”.
読みます → 読もう (Yomimasu → Yomou)
c. If your verb ends with a syllable that is just a vowel (e.g. “Kaimasu,” to buy), the pattern is the same:
買います → 買おう (Kaimasu → Kaou)
d. The irregular verbs “Shimasu ” (to do) and “Kimasu ” (to come) conjugate thusly:
します → しよう (Shimasu → Shiyou)
来ます → 来よう (Kimasu → Koyou)
e. Plain Volitional Form can be used in the same way as Polite Volitional Form.
First, conjugate the verb in question into stem form. Then, add “-mashou” to the end of the stem. For example, the stem form of the verb “yomu” (to read) is “yomi;” so the Polite Volitional Form of “yomu” is “yomi mashou.”
読む → 読み → 読みましょう
お茶を買って、外で教科書を読みましょう。
Ocha o katte, soto de kyoukasho o yomi mashou
(Let’s buy tea, and read the textbook outside).
私達はカフェに行きましょう。
Watashi tachi wa kafe ni ikimashou
(Let’s us go to the café).
If you would like to make your suggestion into a question, simply add the question particle “ka” to the end of the sentence:
教科書を読みましょうか。
kyoukasho o yomi mashou ka
(Shall we read the textbook?)
If you were to translate both 教科書を読みましょう (kyoukasho wo yomi mashou) and 教科書を読もう (kyoukasho o yomou) to English, it would be hard to differentiate between the two sentences. Their essential meaning is identical.
The only real difference between “yomi mashou” and “yomou” is that the latter is much more casual, and should be used primarily with peers or with those younger than oneself. (This is as opposed to bosses, adults older than oneself, strangers, etc).
f. Just as with…
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Episode 78 - How to say "the more... the more" (conditional form ba + hodo)
25 februari 2022 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prEl2-55DAA&t=1s
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ba - hodo (~ ば-ほど) has meaning "the more... the more".
Verb-ばconditional + (same) Verb + ほど
いadj-ばconditional + (same) いadj + ほど
なadj + なら + (same)なadj + なほど
飲みます ➝ 飲めば nomimasu ➝ nomeba
食べます ➝ 食べれば tabemasu ➝ tabereba
します ➝ すれば shimasu ➝ sureba
きます ➝ くれば kimasu ➝ kureba
面白い ➝ 面白ければ omoshiroi ➝ omoshirokereba interesting ➝ If it’s interesting
美味しい ➝ 美味しければ oishii ➝ oishikereba delicious ➝ If it’s delicious
有名 ➝ 有名なら(ば) yuumei ➝ yuumeinara(ba) famous ➝ If it’s famous
安全 ➝ 安全なら(ば) anzen ➝ anzennara(ba) safe ➝ If it’s safe
この本は読めば読むほど面白くなります。
Kono hon wa yomeba yomu hodo omoshiroku naru.
The more I read this book, the more interesting it gets.
ビートルズの音楽は聞けば聞くほど好きになります。
biitoruzu no ongaku wa kikeba kiku hodo suki ni narimasu.
The more I listen to The Beetles, the more I end up liking their music.
勉強すればするほど、日本語が上手になります。
benkyou sureba suru hodo, nihongo ga jouzu ni narimasu.
The more you study, the better your Japanese will get.
お金はあればあるほど安心です。
okane ga areba aru hodo anshin desu.
The more money I have, the more safe I feel.
テストは簡単なら簡単なほどいいです。
tesuto wa kantan nara kantan na hodo ii desu.
The easier the test is, the better.
ゲームは相手が強ければ強いほどおもしろいです。
geemu wa aite ga tsuyokereba tsuyoi hodo omoshiroi desu.
Games get more interesting as the opponents get stronger.
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Episode 77 - How to use Conditional Forms (tara, to, ba, nara)
23 februari 2022 · 10 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVxs9n2yUyY
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…と: Constant Results and Actual Conditions
The function is to express constant results. The conjugation is just to attach the plain (dictionary) form to と. When you use nouns and na-adjectives, you need to attach だ like 春だと. By constant results, we mean that it’s an unchanged fact, when you do A, aways B happens. You can use this for natural phenomenons, habitual actions, programmed actions, etc.
雨が降ると涼しくなります。
ame ga furu to suzushiku narimasu.
If [it] rains, [it] will get cool.
まっすぐ行くと、郵便局があります。
massugu iku to yuubinkyoku ga arimasu.
If you go straight there is a post office.
…ば: Hypothetical Conditions
The function is to express hypothetical conditions like if a hypothesis comes true, X will happen. This indicate that you place priority on the conditional clauses rather than the main clauses.
薬を飲めば治ると思います。
kusuri o nomeba naoru to omoimasu
[I] think [I] will recover if [I] take the medicine.
夏になれば、海に行きたいです。
natsu ni nareba umi ni ikitai desu
I want to go to the beach when it's summer
…たら: One-Time Results
The function is to express a one-time or a particular result. This has the widest usage and thus we can say たら is most common to express conditionals. The conjugation is to attach ら to the ta-form. By using this, you can express both actual and hypothetical condition.
夏が来たら日本に行きます。
natsu ga kitara nihon ni ikimasu.
If the summer comes, [I] will go to Japan.
薬を飲んだら治ると思います。
kusuri o nondara naoru to omoimasu
[I] think [I] will recover if [I] take the medicine.
…なら: Contextual Conditions
The function is to respond to someone in a given context. Regarding the other conditional words, you can set a context by yourself. However, you can use …なら only when given a context. The conjugation is just to attach なら to the plain (dictionary) form or the ta-form, which is the only one case that you can attach con…
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Episode 76 - Conditional form nara (how to say if, when)
20 februari 2022 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSRZr3gvCj0&t=582s
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Conditional form なら
The function is to respond to someone in a given context. Regarding the other conditional words, you can set a context by yourself. However, you can use …なら only when given a context.
Tanaka-san ga iku nara, watashi mo ikimasu
With the above example, Tanaka-san first said “I will go to the drinking session,” and then you respond to it like “If you said so…” and “if that is the case…” The conjugation is just to attach なら to the plain (dictionary) form or the ta-form, which is the only one case that you can attach conditional words to the two forms. Note: You don’t attach だ when you use nouns and na-adjectives.
食べます ➝ 食べるなら ➝ taberu nara➝ if you eat
食べません ➝ 食べないなら ➝ tabenai nara➝ if you don't eat
食べました ➝ 食べたなら ➝ tabeta nara➝ if you ate
食べませんでした ➝ 食べなかったなら ➝ tabenakatta nara ➝ if you didn't eat
高い ➝ 高いなら takai ➝ takainara expensive ➝ if it’s expensive
寒い ➝ 寒いなら samui ➝ samuinara cold ➝ If it’s cold
いい ➝ いいなら ii ➝ iinara good ➝ If it’s good
便利 ➝ 便利なら benri ➝ benrinara convenient ➝ If it’s convenient
有名 ➝ 有名なら yuumei ➝ yuumeinara famous ➝ If it’s famous
安全 ➝ 安全なら anzen ➝ anzennara safe ➝ If it’s safe
日本語を話すことができる人がいますか？
nihongo o hanasu koto ga dekiru hito ga imasu ka?
Is there a person who can speak Japanese?
日本語ならトムさんが話すことができますよ！
nihongo nara tomu san ga hanasu koto ga dekimasu yo!
If [you’re talking about] Japanese, Tom can speak [it].
日本語の本を読みたいです。
nihongo no hon o yomitai desu
[I] want to read Japanese book.
読みたいなら私のを貸しましょうか？
yomitai nara watashi no o kashimashou ka?
If [you] want to read, shall [I] lend mine?
私は買い物に行きます。
watashi wa kaimono ni ikimasu.
I will go for a shopping.
買物なら卵を買ってください。
kaimono nara tamago o katte kudasai.
Please buy eggs if [you go] shopping.
日本の料理をたくさん作りました。
nihon no ryouri o takusan tsukurimashita.
[I’ve] made a lot of Japanese cuisines.
…
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Episode 75 - Conditional form ba (how to say if, when)
12 februari 2022 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSRZr3gvCj0&t=582s
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The ba form attached to the end of an adjective creates an “If…then…” sentence. Sentences that use the ba form are less colloquial than the other conditional form tara (which we won’t cover in this lesson). The main clause (i.e. the first half of a sentence) can be a desire, hope, command, suggestion, or statement of one’s will.
In order to conjugate an i-adjective into the ba form, you simply replace the final hiragana character い with ければ (kereba).
* いい (ii, good) has to be changed back into its dictionary form 良い (yoi) before it can be conjugated into the ba form.
高い ➝ 高ければ takai ➝ takakereba expensive ➝ Iif it’s expensive
寒い ➝ 寒ければ samui ➝ samukereba cold ➝ If it’s cold
面白い ➝ 面白ければ omoshiroi ➝ omoshirokereba interesting ➝ If it’s interesting
美味しい ➝ 美味しければ oishii ➝ oishikereba delicious ➝ If it’s delicious
いい ➝ 良い ➝ 良ければ ii ➝ yoi ➝ yokereba good ➝ If it’s good
時計は高ければ、買いません。
Tokei wa takakereba, kaimasen.
If the watch is expensive, I won’t buy it.
ヨーロッパは寒ければ、行きません。
Yooroppa wa samukereba, ikimasen.
If Europe is cold, I won’t go.
映画は面白ければ、見ましょう！
Eiga wa omoshirokereba, mimashou!
If the movie is interesting, let’s see it!
In order to conjugate na–adjectives into the ba form, you simply leave out the な and add ならば (naraba) instead. The “ba” at the end of “naraba” is optional.
便利 ➝ 便利なら(ば) benri ➝ benrinara(ba) convenient ➝ If it’s convenient
必要 ➝ 必要なら(ば) hitsuyou ➝ hitsuyounara(ba) necessary ➝ If it’s necessary
だめ ➝ だめなら(ば) dame ➝ damenara(ba) unacceptable ➝ If it’s unacceptable
有名 ➝ 有名なら(ば) yuumei ➝ yuumeinara(ba) famous ➝ If it’s famous
安全 ➝ 安全なら(ば) anzen ➝ anzennara(ba) safe ➝ If it’s safe
あのラーメンは有名ならば、食べたいです！
Ano raamen wa yuumeinaraba, tabetai desu!
If that ramen is famous, I want to try it!
この国は安全ならば、ここに住みたいです。
Kono kuni wa anzennaraba, koko ni sumitai desu.
If this country is safe, I…
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Episode 74 - Giving and receiving expressions (te form + agemasu / kuremasu / moraimasu)
11 februari 2022 · 6 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8bK9zF97bY&t=777s
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「あげます」 is the Japanese word for "to give" seen from the speaker's point of view. You must use this verb when you are giving something or doing something for someone else.
私は友達にプレゼントをあげます。
- I gave present to friend.
車を買ってあげます。
- I'll give you the favor of buying a car.
私は友達にいいことを教えてあげました。
- I taught something good to my friend. (looking at it from the my point of view)
「くれます」 is also a verb meaning "to give" but unlike 「あげます」, it is from the receiver's point of view. You must use this verb when someone else is giving something or doing something for you (effectively the opposite of 「あげます」).
友達は私にプレゼントをくれました。
- Friend gave present to me.
車を買ってくれますか？
- You'll give me the favor of buying a car for me?
友達は私にいいことを教えてくれました。
- Friend gave favor of teaching something good to me. (looking at it from the friend's point of view)
「もらいます」 meaning, "to receive" has only one version unlike 「あげます／くれます」 so there's very little to explain. One thing to point out is that since you receive from someone, 「から」 is also appropriate in addition to the 「に」 target particle.
私は友達にプレゼントをもらいます。
- I will receive a present from my friend.
これは友達に買ってもらいました。
- About this, received the favor of buying it from friend.
宿題をチェックしてもらいたかったけど、時間がなくて無理だった。
- I wanted to receive the favor of checking homework but there was no time and it was impossible.
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Episode 73 - How to use "potential form" (How to say "can do, can buy, can speak etc.")
5 februari 2022 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fczada6WxZU
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~ことができます (Koto Ga Dekimasu): Formal Potential Form With Verbs
If you want to use the potential form with verbs, one way is to use the present tense form of the verb followed by ことができる. This phrase directly translates to “be able to do ~ing,” where the “ing” is the verb being used. Take a look at the following example sentence for a more in-depth explanation.
私は日本語を話すことができます。
watashi wa nihongo wo hanasu koto ga dekimasu
Meaning: I can speak Japanese. (ability to speak Japanese)
～ができます (ga dekimasu) : Noun + dekimasu
できる can be used in various ways to communicate potential; for example, it can communicate skill or capability when used with a noun.
私はテニスができます。
watashi wa tenisu ga dekimasu
Meaning: I can play tennis. (ability to play tennis)
Group 1 : Potential form
To write 書きます (kakimasu) 書けます (kakemasu)
To speak 話します (hanashimasu) 話せます (hanasemasu)
To stand 立ちます (tachimasu) 立てます (tatemasu)
To drink 飲みます (nomimasu) 飲めます (nomemasu)
Group 2 : Potential form
To see, look, watch 見ます (mimasu) 見られます (miraremasu)
To wear 着ます (kimasu) 着られます (kiraremasu)
To eat 食べます (tabemasu) 食べられます (taberaremasu)
To answer 答えます (kotaemasu) 答えられます (kotaeraremasu)
Group 3 : Potential form
To do します (shimasu) できます (dekimasu)
To come きます (kimasu) 来られます (koraremasu)
私は日本語が話せます。
watashi wa nihongo ga hanasemasu
I can speak Japanese
兄は泳げます。
ani wa oyogemasu
My elder brother can swim.
弟は自転車に乗れます。
otouto wa jitensha ni noremasu
My younger brother can ride the bicycle.
明日パーティーに行けません。
ashita pa-ti- ni ikemasen
I can't go to the party tommorrow.
昨日晩御飯が食べられませんでした。
kinou bangohan ga taberaremasendeshita
I couldn't eat dinner yesterday.
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Episode 72 - How to say "no matter how..." (ikura + te form + mo)
2 februari 2022 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4hn-p3v5ig&t=385s
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いくら～ても (ikura~temo)
no matter how
Verb (て-form) も、
い-Adj (～い) くても、
な-Adj でも、
Noun でも、
いくら頑張ってもよくならない。
Ikura ganbattemo yoku naranai.
No matter how hard I try, it doesn't go well.
いくら遅くても五時までに着きたい。
Ikura osokutemo go ji made ni tsukitai.
I want to arrive there by five at the latest.
いくら安くても、買いたくない。
Ikura yasukute mo, kaitakunai.
I don’t want to buy it no matter how cheap it is.
いくら可愛くても、この犬は持って帰ることができません。
Ikura kawaikute mo, kono inu wa motte kaeru koto ga dekiamsen.
No matter how cute this dog is, I cannot bring him back home.
いくら野菜が嫌いでも、食べた方がいいです。
Ikura yasai ga kirai demo tabeta hou ga iidesu
No matter how much you hate vegetables, it's better to eat them.
いくら調べても、意味がわかりません。
Ikura shirabete mo imi ga wakarimasen
No matter how much I look it up, I don't understand the meaning.
いくら眠くても、今はまだ寝ることができません。
Ikura nemukutemo, ima wa mada neru koto ga dekimasen.
No matter how sleepy I am, I still can't sleep.
てForm＋も、てForm＋もis the same as いくら～ても (ikura~temo)
働いても働いても、疲れません。
hataraitemohataraitemo, tsukaremasen.
No matter how much I work, I won't be tired
食べても食べても、お腹が空きます。
tabetemotabetemo, onaka ga sukimasu.
No matter how much I eat I still feel hungry.
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Episode 71 - How to say "even if/ even though/ although (te form + mo)
30 januari 2022 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9M9mUaHl8M&t=298s
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ても (temo) Sentence is used to indicate a reverse condition.
It's used when an action which is expected to be taken or an event which is expected to happen naturally under the given circumstances does not materialize or a thing turns out in a way opposite to a socially accepted idea.
Verb (て-form) も、
い-Adj (～い) くても、
な-Adj でも、
Noun でも、
If you continue doing this for weeks, normally it's natural that you'll . In this case, you can use the と (to) sentence to describe the situation.
たくさん働くと、疲れます。
takusan hatarakuto, tsukaremasu
If I work a lot, I will become tired.
However, if the opposite result happens, you should use ても (temo) sentence to describe the situation.
For ても (temo) sentence, what happens is opposite to what people normally expected.
たくさん働いても、疲れません。
takusan hataraitemo, tsukaremasen.
Even if I work alot, I won't be tired
たくさんはたらきます → つかれます ← naturally happen use と sentence
たくさんはたらきます → つかれます ← opposite result happen use ても sentence
たくさん食べても、お腹が空きます。
takusan tabetemo, onaka ga sukimasu.
Even if I eat a lot, I still feel hungry.
高くても買います
takaku temo kaimasu.
I'll buy it even if it's expensive.
にちようびでも、はたらきます。
nichiyoubi demo, hatarakimasu.
I work even on Sundays.
暇でも、外に行きません。
hima demo soto ni ikimasen.
Even if I'm free, I won't go outside
Verb ない-form (～ない) なくても、
い-Adj (～い) くなくても、
な-Adj でなくても、
Noun でなくても、
勉強しなくても試験に合格します
benkyou shinakute mo shiken ni goukaku shimasu
Even if I don't study, I will pass the exam
おいしくなくても、食べます
oishikunakutemo tabemasu
I will eat even if it is not delicios
静かでなくても、勉強することができます。
shizuka denakutemo, benkyou surukoto ga dekimasu
Even if it's not quiet, I can study.
いい天気でなくても、洗濯します。
ii tenki denakutemo, sentaku shimasu
Even if the weather is not good, I'll do the laundry.
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Check out my Youtube C…
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Episode 70 - How to make "Conditional Form" (ta form + ra)
26 januari 2022 · 10 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI1HjXsOCuw&t=9s
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〜たら is a conjugation pattern which expresses a causal relationship. The action or state expressed by the sentence which precedes 〜たら is the condition of the event or situation expressed by the rest of the sentence.
Depending on the context, it is interpreted differently—as time sequences like "when" and "after," or conditions like "if."
Verb 食べます → 食べた + ら = 食べたら
Noun 夏です → 夏だった + ら = 夏だったら
な-adjective 静かです → 静かだった + ら = 静かだったら
い-adjective 難しいです → 難しかった + ら = 難しかったら
もし あめ がふったら ほん を よみます
Moshi Ame Ga Futtara Hon Wo Yomimasu
If it rains I will read a book
We start with MOSHI to emphasise the conditional at the beginning of the sentence .
We then explain the condition which is “If it rains” あめがふったら
ふる here has been changed to the past form verb ふった and then ら has been added to the end.
もし日本に行ったら日本語を勉強します
moshi nihon ni ittara nihongo o benkyou shimasu
If I go to Japan, I will learn Japanese
The condition here implies that IF the speaker goes to Japan they will study Japanese
コートを着たら、寒くありません。
ko-to wo kitara, samukuarimasen
If i wear a coat, I will not be cold.
This condition here is “wearing a coat”. If that condition is met the speaker will no longer be cold.
やすかったら、パソコンをかいたいです。
yasukattara, pasokon o kaitai desu.
If it's cheap, I'd like to buy a computer.
ひまだったら、てつだってください。
hima dattara, tetsudatte kudasai.
If you're free, please help me out.
Verb 食べません → 食べなかった + ら = 食べなかったら
Noun 夏ではありません → 夏ではなかった + ら = 夏ではなかったら
な-adjective 静かではありません → 静かではなかった + ら = 静かではなかったら
い-adjective 難しくないです → 難しくなかった + ら = 難しくなかったら
あめではなかったら、うみにいきます
ame dewa nakattara umi ni ikimasu
If it will not rain, I will go to the beach
おもしろくなかったら、あのえいがはみません
omoshirokunakattara, ano eiga wa mimasen
If it is not interesting, I will not watch that movie
じかんがなかったら、テレビをみません。
jikan ga nakattara, terebi o mimasen.
If I had no…
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Episode 69 - How to make "Verb into Noun phrases" (Dictionary form + koto)
23 januari 2022 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mjGvlTKr2s
==========================================================
koto can be used as a nominalizer. When “koto” is placed after a verb or a verb phrase, “koto” can turn that verb/verb phrase into what is essentially a long, multi-word noun.
For example:
本を読みます hon o yomimasu means “[someone] reads/will read books.” But,
本を読む事 hon o yomu koto means “the idea/act of [someone] reading books.”
ことKoto quite simply adds “ING” to the end of a verb.
To Eat becomes Eating
たべます tabemasu
たべること taberukoto
To Walk becomes Walking
あるきます arukimasu
あるくこと arukukoto
To Drink becomes Drinking
のみます nomimasu
のむこと nomukoto
こと（KOTO）turns a verb into a noun.
It is an extremely useful thing to use when describing what actions you like or dislike doing.
うどんをたべることがすきです
UDON WO TABERU KOTO GA SUKI DESU
I like “eating” udon
かれはこうえんをあるくことがすきです
KARE WA KOUEN WO ARUKU KOTO GA SUKI DESU.
He likes “walking” in the Park
わたしのしゅみはりょうりをつくることです。
watashi no shumi wa ryouri o tsukuru koto desu.
My hobby is cooking.
When used to nominalize the preceding clause, the nominalized phrase expresses a fact which is already accomplished or which the speaker supposes will be accomplished. koto tends to be taken as an object by verbs of mental activity such as knowing, recognizing, understanding, hoping, learning, etc.
田中さんがヨーロッパに行ったことを知っていますか？
Tanaka-san san ga youroppa ni itta koto o shitte imasu ka.
Do you know that Mr. Tanaka has gone to Europe?
ラオさんが国にかえったことをしっていますか？
Rao san ga kuni ni kaetta koto o shitteimasu ka?
Do you know that Mr. Rao went back to his country?
あしたテストがあることをききましたか？
ashita tesuto ga aru koto o kikimashita ka?
Did you hear that there is a test tomorrow?
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Episode 68 - How to make "Relative Clause"
16 januari 2022 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQklHSjvnbs
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A relative clause is a clause that is used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In English, a clause must contain a subject and a predicate at a minimum in order to be grammatical, but a Japanese clause only requires a predicate.
Forming the relative clause - step by step:
1
In your mind, change the verb in 私は本をかいました to the plain form, かった
The verbs in relative clauses is always in the plain form. They can be in the past or present tenses or in the volitional (-tai) form, but they will always be in the plain form.
2
Next, we have to change the word order so that 本 (book), the main thing we're talking about, comes at the end of the clause . . .
私は本をかった (I bought a book) changes to 私がかった本 (the book that I bought)
Note that the topic marker は changes to が in the relative clause. This is because 私 is no longer the topic of the sentence. In fact, our new main topic is the book.
3
We can use the phrase we have just constructed in a sentence, by adding our second idea, which is おもしろいです:
私がかった本は、おもしろいです。
The book that I bought is interesting.
There is no Japanese equivalent to English relative pronouns (i.e. “Who“, “Which“, and “That“). In other words, Japanese relative clauses directly connect to the noun or noun phrase and any particles or pronouns associated with the noun / noun phrase are erased.
大きい犬 [The big dog] This is simply an い-Adjective, but it functions grammatically identically to a more complex relative clause.
寝ている犬 [A sleeping dog] Notice that (1) the relative clause can consist of a lone verb, and (2) the relative clause directly precedes the noun that it modifies.
目が大きい人 [A preson with big eyes] This relative clause is slightly more complex with both a subject and a predicate.
頭がいい学生[a smart student] Note that the relative clause connects directly to the noun that it modifies.
髪が長い人 kami ga …
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Episode 67 - How to say " when, if " ( Plain Style / Adjectives / Noun + to)
16 januari 2022 · 11 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDyv7ohagcs&t=47s
Verb (Dictionary-form) と、 Sentence 2
い-Adj (～い) と、 Sentence 2
な-Adj だ と、 Sentence 2
Noun だ と、 Sentence 2
Verb (ない-form) と、 Sentence 2
い-Adj (～い) くない と、 Sentence 2
な-Adj でない と、 Sentence 2
Noun でない と、 Sentence 2
と (to) sentence expresses Sentence 2 inevitably as a result of Sentence 1. It means whenever the condition in Sentence 1 is set, result in Sentence 2 will always happen. Therefore expressions used in Sentence 2 are natural and predictable events/states or unavoidable facts.
Based on the above 'rules', と (to) sentence is mainly used in the following 3 types of sentences...
1. Nature-related Fact
2. Use of Machine
3. Give Direction
春になると、桜が咲きます。
haru ni naru to, sakura ga sakimasu
If Spring comes, the cherry blossom will bloom.
暑いと、喉が渇きます。
atsui to, nodo ga kawakimasu
If the weather is hot, you will get thirsty.
電気をつけると、明るくなります。
denki wo tsukeru to, akaruku narimasu
If you turn on the light, it will become brighter.
静かだと、よく寝ることができます。
shizuka da to, yoku nemuremasu
If it's quiet, you can sleep well.
夜電気をつけないと、暗いです。
yoru denki wo tsukenai to, kurai desu
If you don't turn on the light in the night, it's dark here.
静かでないと、よく眠れません。
shizuka denai to, yoku nemuremasen
If it's not quiet, you cannot sleep well.
If you don't turn on the light in the night, it's dark here.
このボタンを押すと、切符が出ます。
kono botan wo osu to, kippu ga demasu
If you press this button, a ticket will come out.
まっすぐ行くと、右に病院があります。
massugu iku to, migi ni byouin ga arimasu
If you go straight, you will find the hospital on the right.
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Episode 66 - How to say " when; at this time " ( Plain Style / Adjectives / Noun + toki)
9 januari 2022 · 11 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fhhp6L5voA
時 【とき】(toki) means " when; at this time ".
とき (toki) connects two sentences and expresses the time when the state or action described in the main sentence takes place.
Verb dict-form とき(toki)
Verb ない-form とき(toki)
Verb た-form とき(toki)
い-adjective とき(toki)
な-adjective + な とき(na toki)
Noun + の とき(no toki)
私はテレビを見るときコーヒを飲みます。
Watashiwa terebi wo miru toki kohi wo nomimasu.
When I watch TV, I drink a coffee.
わからないとき、先生に聞いてください。
wakaranai toki, sensei ni kiitekudasai
If you don't understand, please ask the teacher.
日本に旅行した時、桜を見ました。
Nihon ni ryokou shita toki, sakura o mimashita.
When I went to Japan, I saw the cherry blossoms.
小さいとき、東京に住んでいました。
Chiisai toki, Tokyo ni sundeimashita
When I was small, I lived in Tokyo.
ひまな時、来てください。
Hima na toki, kite kudasai.
When you are free, please come over.
大学生の時、よく勉強しました。
Daigakusei no toki yoku benkyou shimashita.
When I was in University, I studied a lot.
It can be used in both present and past tense.
Sentence A + toki + Sentence B
Verb dict-form とき(toki): Action in the sentence B occurs before the action in the sentence A.
Verb dict-form とき(toki): After the action in sentence A occurs, sentence B occurs.
But if you use the past tense in the main sentence
東京から大阪に行く時、このかばんを買いました。
Tokyo ni Osaka ni iku toki, kono kaban o kaimashita.
When I went to Tokyo from Osaka, I bought this bag (in Tokyo).
東京から大阪に行ったとき、このかばんを買いました。
Tokyo ni Osaka ni itta toki, kono kaban o kaimashita (in Osaka).
When I went to Tokyo from Osaka, I bought this bag.
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COVID-19 situation in Japan
3 januari 2022 · 9 min
Like many countries,the coronavirus is the topic on everyone’s. In this episode I had my friend Aska-san to talk about current COVID-19 situation in Japan! Lees meer
コロナウイルスと戦うために、みんなで頑張りましょう!!
コロナウイルスとたたかうために、みんなでがんばりましょう!!
korona wirusu to tatakau tame ni, minna de ganbarimashou!
戦う(たたかう) tatakau : to fight
〜ために tameni : in order to
みんな minnna : everyone
頑張る(がんばる) ganbaru : to hang in there
In order to fight against the Coronavirus, let's hang in there together!!
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Episode 65 - How to say " maybe, probably, might ..." ( "Plain Style" + deshou)
2 januari 2022 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU7HCywOMTM&t=164s
Using deshou (でしょう) at the end of a sentence means that something will probably happen or that it seems like it will happen. The level of certainty in that “might” is probably around 80-90% This means that the probability of accuracy is a more than a kamoshiremasen sentence.
でしょう (deshou) is commonly used when we talk about the weather in Japanese.
verbs
{ 食べる / 食べた } でしょう。
{ taberu / tabeta } deshou.
(someone will probably eat / probably ate)
i-adjectives
{ 高い / 高かった } でしょう。
{ takai / takakatta } deshou.
(something is / was probably expensive)
na-adjectives
{ 静か / 静かだった } でしょう。
{ shizuka / shizuka datta } deshou.
(something is / was probably quiet)
nouns
{ 学生 / 学生だった } でしょう。
{ gakusei / gakusei datta } deshou.
(someone is / was probably a student)
雨が降るでしょう｡
ame ga furu deshou.
(it will probably rain)
明日は晴れるでしょう｡
Ashita wa hareru deshou.
(It will probably be sunny tomorrow)
彼女は 綺麗でしょう。
kanojyo wa kirei deshou
(I assume she is beautiful.)
今夜は風が強いでしょう。
Kon’ya wa kaze ga tsuyoideshou.
(The wind will be strong tonight.)
あの人は田中さんでしょう。
Ano hito wa Tanaka-sandeshou.
(I guess that person is Ms. Tanaka.)
When でしょう (deshou) is used to guess or predict something, it can take on the form of a question because it naturally seeks confirmation to something with a bit of uncertainty.
今日は木曜日でしょう｡
kyo wa mokuyoubi deshou?
(Today is Thursday, isn’t it?)
眠いでしょう｡
nemui deshou?
(You’re sleepy, aren’t you?)
どう？美味しいでしょう？
dou? oishii deshou?
(How are they? They're good, isn’t it?)
You can use the more casual だろう(darou) if you’re talking with people you are close with (friends, family, close co-workers, etc.)
雨が降るだろう｡
ame ga furu darou.
(it will probably rain)
眠いだろう｡
nemui darou?
(You’re sleepy, aren’t you?)
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Episode 64 - How to say " maybe, probably, might ..." ( "Plain Style" + kamoshiremasen)
30 december 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU7HCywOMTM&t=164s
In English, this word means “perhaps” or “might.” You can use it with verbs, adjectives, or nouns.
Verb in plain form (present or past tense) + かもしれません (kamoshiremasen)
I-Adjective in plan form (present or past tense) + かもしれません (kamoshiremasen)
Na-adjectives in plain form (without na) (present or past tense) + かもしれません (kamoshiremasen)
Noun + かもしれません (kamoshiremasen)
The level of certainty in that “might” is probably hovering around 50% (though no one’s keeping track). This means that the probability of accuracy is a little less than a darou sentence and a lot less than a ni chigainai sentence.
verbs
{ 食べる / 食べた } かもしれません
{ taberu / tabeta } kamoshiremasen.
(someone might eat / might have eaten)
i-adjectives
{ 高い / 高かった } かもしれません
{ takai / takakatta }kamoshiremasen.
(something might be / might have been high)
na-adjectives
{ 静か / 静かだった } かもしれません
{ shizuka / shizuka datta } kamoshiremasen.
(something might be quiet / might have been quiet)
nouns
{ 学生 / 学生だった } かもしれません
{ gakusei / gakusei datta } kamoshiremasen.
(someone might be a student / might have been a student)
明日は雨がふるかもしれません。
Ashita wa ame ga furu kamoshiremasen.
(It might rain tomorrow.)
今日は雨が降らないかもしれません。
Kyo wa ame ga furanai kamoshiremasen.
(Perhaps it will not rain today.)
昨日彼は休んだかもしれません。
Kinou kare wa yasunda kamoshiremasen.
(He might have taken some time off yesterday.)
昨日彼は休まなかったかもしれません。
Kinou kare wa yasumanakatta kamoshiremasen.
(He might not have taken some time off yesterday.)
テストは難しいかもしれません。
Testuto wa muzukashii kamoshiremasen.
(The test might be hard.)
テストは難しくないかもしれません。
Testuto wa muzukashikunai kamoshiremasen.
(The test might not be hard.)
昨日は天気がよかったかもしれません。
Kinou wa tenki ga yokatta kamoshiremasen.
(The weather might have been good yesterday.)
昨日は天気がよくなかったかもしれません。
Kinou wa tenki ga yokunakatta kamoshiremasen.
(The weather might not have been good yesterday.)
京都…
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Episode 63 - How to say " I say that..." "Plain Style" + to iimasu
28 december 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3Io9VkhF7Q&t=254s
言います is used to report or quote speech, the particle と is placed before 言います。
～と言う (to iu) is the form you use to directly or indirectly quote what someone has said. と is a quotation marker that can also be used with other verbs like 聞く (to hear)、伝える (to convey)、思う (to think), etc. 言う means to say.
Plain form + to iimasu
(he) says that...
(people) says that...
彼は明日学校に行くと言いました。
kare wa ashita gakkou ni iku to iimashita.
He said he will go to school tomorrow.
彼は明日学校に行かないと言いました。
kare wa ashita gakkou ni ikanai to iimashita.
He said he won't go to school tomorrow.
彼は昨日学校に行ったと言いました。
kare wa kinou gakkou ni itta to iimashita.
He said he went to school yesterday.
彼は昨日学校に行かなかったと言いました。
kare wa kinou gakkou ni ikanakatta to iimashita.
He said he did not go to school yesterday.
彼はこの映画はおもしろいと言いました。
kare wa kono eiga wa omoshiroi to iimashita.
He said this movie is interesting.
彼はこの映画はおもしろくないと言いました。
kare wa kono eiga wa omoshirokunai to iimashita.
He said this movie is not interesting.
彼は昨日寒かったと言いました。
kare wa kinou samukatta to iimashita.
He said yesterday was cold.
彼は昨日寒くなかったと言いました。
kare wa kinou samukunakatta to iimashita.
He said yesterday was not cold.
彼は野菜が好きだと言いました。
kare wa yasai ga suki da to iimashita.
He said he likes vegetables.
彼は野菜が好きではないと言いました。
kare wa yasai ga suki dewa nai to iimashita.
He said he doesn't like vegetables.
彼は昨日暇だったと言いました。
kare wa kinou hima datta to iimashita.
He said he was free yesterday.
彼は昨日暇ではなかったと言いました。
kare wa kinou hima dewanakatta to iimashita.
He said he was not free yesterday.
彼は明日学校は休みだと言いました。
kare wa ashita gakkou wa yasumi da to iimashita.
He said school will be closed tomorrow.
彼は明日学校は休みではないと言いました。
kare wa ashita gakkou wa yasumi dewanai to iimashita.
He said school won't be closed tomorrow.
彼は昨日学校は休みだったと言いました。
kare wa kinou gakkou wa yasumi datta to iimashita.
He said school was closed yesterday…
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Episode 62 - How to say " I think that..." "Plain Style" + to omoimasu
21 december 2021 · 10 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDs87u2ihmo&t=550s
“I think” in Japanese using 〜と思います (~to omoimasu).
The subject of the sentence (the speaker) is often omitted. In other words, you don’t need to say “I” think, because it is obvious from the context.
In the case that the subject is not “I” you must use 〜と思っています (to omotteimasu) instead of 〜と思います (~to omoimasu) because it is expressing what another person (might be) thinking.
明日は休みです (ashita wa yasumi desu) means “tomorrow is a holiday.”
The plain form of the sentence is 明日は休みだ (ashita wa yasumi da). The second step is to add 〜と思います (~to omoimasu) to the end of the sentence. The result is an “I think” statement: 明日は休みだと思います (Ashita wa yasumi da to omoimasu) – I think tomorrow is a holiday.
明日は休みだと思います。
ashita wa yasumi da to omoimasu.
I think tomorrow is a holiday.
明日は休みではないと思います。
ashita wa yasumi da to omoimasu.
I think tomorrow is not a holiday.
昨日は休みだったと思います。
kinou wa yasumi datta to omoimasu.
I think yesterday was a holiday.
昨日は休みではなかったと思います。
kinou wa yasumi dewa nakatta to omoimasu.
I think yesterday was not a holiday.
先生はとても親切です (sensei wa totemo shinsetsu desu) means “My teacher is very kind.” To change to an “I think” statement, first change です (desu) to だ (da). The result is an “I think” statement: 先生はとても親切だと思います (Sensei wa totemo shinsetsu da to omoimasu) – I think my teacher is very kind.
先生は親切だと思います。
Sensei wa shinsetsu da to omoimasu
I think my teacher is kind.
先生は親切ではない思います。
Sensei wa shinsetsu dewanai to omoimasu
I think my teacher is not kind.
昨日彼は元気だったと思います。
kinou kare wa genki datta to omoimasu.
I think he was fine yesterday.
昨日彼は元気ではなかったと思います。
kinou kare wa genki dewanakatta to omoimasu.
I think he was not fine yesterday.
猫は可愛いです (neko wa kawaii desu) means “Cats are cute.” The result is an “I think” statement: 猫は可愛いと思います (Neko wa kawaii to omoimasu) – I think cats are cute.
猫は可愛いと思います。
Neko wa kawaii to omoimasu
I think cats …
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Episode 61 - How to make adectives and noun into "Plain Style" (Futsuu kei)
8 december 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tb8OEL0ciWQ&t=15s
【い Adjective】
Present Affirmative: い-Adjective {～い}
Present Negative: い-Adjective {～い} くない
Past Affirmative: い-Adjective {～い} かった
Past Negative: い-Adjective {～い} くなかった
ながい (nagai)
なが くない (nagakunai)
なが かった (nagakatta)
なが くなかった (nagakunakatta)
いい (ii)
良くない (yokunai)
良かった (yokatta)
良くなかった (yokunakatta)
【な Adjective】
Present Affirmative: な-Adjective だ
Present Negative: な-Adjective ではない
Past Affirmative: な-Adjective だった
Past Negative: な-Adjective ではなかった
しずか だ (shizuka da)
しずか ではない (shizuka dewanai)
しずか だった (shizuka datta)
しずか ではなかった (shizuka dewanakatta)
【Noun】
Present Affirmative: Noun だ
Present Negative: Noun ではない
Past Affirmative: Noun だった
Past Negative: Noun ではなかった
あめ だ (ame da)
あめ ではない (ame dewanai)
あめ だった (ame datta)
あめ ではなかった (ame dewanakatta)
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Episode 60 - How to make verb into "Plain Style" (Futsuu kei)
3 december 2021 · 10 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQsqjW_gvng&t=248s
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Episode 59 - "Ta form" ato de (how to say " after doing... " in Japanese)
28 november 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LEBMxCRJt4
★verb (ta-form) +あとで(ato de)★
あとで (ato de)means “after doing”. To express that something happens after something else, we should use the past (ta-form) of a verb followed by あとで (ato de).
昼ごはんの後で友達とお茶を飲みました。
I drank tea with my friends after having lunch.
Hirugohan no ato de tomodachi to ocha o nomimashita.
授業の後で映画に行きませんか？
Won’t you go to the movies with me after class is over?
jugyou no ato de eiga ni ikimasen ka.
薬を飲んだ後で、一時間寝ました。
I slept for about an hour after taking the medicine.
Kusuri o nonda ato de, ichijikan nemashita.
私は宿題をした後でテレビを見ます。
Watashi wa shukudai o shita ato de terebi o mimasu.
After doing my homework, I’ll watch TV
子供が寝た後で、映画を見みました
kodomo ga neta ato ni, eiga o mimashita
I watched a movie right after my child went to bed.
たあとで also have the nuance of emphasising the fact that action B takes place after A (and not before). It’s good to remember that this grammar point uses the た form, which is the past tense in plain form.
ほんをよんだあとで、ねました
hon wo yonda atode, nemashita.
I went to bed after reading a book (but between reading and going to bed I did other things, eg. brushed my teeth)
てから is used when the second action (B) is going to happen straight after the first (A). In a lot of A てから B sentences, action B is only possible after completing action A. For that reason, it is useful when you want to express actions that take place in a specific order, such as in your daily routine.
ほんをよんでから、ねました
hon o yonde kara nemashita
I went to bed after reading a book
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Episode 58 - "Ta form" hou ga ii desu (how to say " it would be better to (do), you had better (do)" in Japanese)
25 november 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ6Gcj0CrhY&t=444s
★verb (ta-form) + ほうがいい(hou ga ii)★
it would be better to (do), you had better (do)
“it is better (for you) to do…” is a sentence-final expression that can be used to give advice. It implies that if you do not follow the advice, danger or a problem will result. It refers to something very specific.
運動したほうがいいです！
Undou shita hou ga ii desu!
Why don’t you exercise (It’s better to exercise)!
When giving advice, it’s also common to add ね (ne) or よ (yo) at the end of the sentence. Adding ne softens the blow a bit, and adding yo makes it a bit more forceful (as if this person needs a bit more of a push in the right direction).
運動したほうがいいね！
Undou shita hou ga ii ne!
Why don’t you exercise! (Nuance: Have you tried that yet?)
運動したほうがいいよ！
Undou shita hou ga ii yo!
Why don’t you exercise! (Nuance: You need to hop to! Chop-chop!)
毎日三時間勉強したほうがいいよ。
Mai-nichi san jikan benkyou shita hou ga ii yo.
Study three hours a day (You had better study three hours every day).
病院に行ったほうがいいですね。
Byouin ni itta hou ga ii desu ne.
You should go to the hospital (You had better go to the hospital).
もっとやさいをたべたほうがいいです。
motto yasai o tabeta hou ga ii desu.
You’d better eat more vegetables.
★(nai-form) + ほうがいいです (hou ga ii desu)★
タバコを吸わないほうがいいね。
tabako wo suwanai hou ga ii ne.
You shouldn’t smoke.
コーヒーを飲まないほうがいい。
Kōhī o nomanai hō ga ī.
You had better not drink coffee.
ご飯を食べてからすぐ泳がないほうがいいですよ。
gohan o tabete kara sugu oyoganai hou ga ii desu yo.
You shouldn’t swim immediately after eating.
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Episode 57 - "Ta form" koto ga arimasu (how to say "I have the experience of ... ing" in Japanese)
21 november 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tk__BIRstw&t=12s
★verb (ta-form) + ことがあります (koto ga arimasu)★
To talk about a past experience, we can use the past form a verb (also known as ta-form) followed by ことがあります (koto ga arimasu). This is a way to express that you “have done something before”.
verb (ta-form) + ことがあります (koto ga arimasu)
日本の映画を見たことがあります。
nihon no eiga o mita koto ga arimasu
(I have been watched Japanese movie)
ことがある (koto ga aru) is extremely useful for beginners who are trying to take that first step into Japanese conversation. After all, talking about your experiences with each other may only be a few steps past hajimemashite (nice to meet you). You only need a limited vocabulary to play around with this phrase, and it’s a great way to practice conjugating verbs to the past tense. Asking someone about their own experiences is as simple as adding the question particle か (ka) at the end:
日本の映画を見たことがありますか
nihon no eiga o mita koto ga arimasu ka?
(Have you watched Japanese movie?)
日本行ったことがありますか。
Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu ka?
(Have you ever been to Japan?)
私は京都に行ったことがあります。
Watashi wa Kyouto ni itta koto ga arimasu.
(I have been to Kyoto before.)
刺身を食べたことがあります。
sashimi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu.
(I have eaten sashimi before)
富士山に登ったことがありません。
fujisan ni nobotta koto ga arimasen.
(I have not climed Mount Fuji before.)
カラオケで歌ったことがないです。
Karaoke de utatta koto ga nai desu.
(I have never sung Karaoke before.)
新幹線に のった こと が ありますか。
shinkansen ni notta koto ga arimasu ka
(Have you ever taken a bullet train?)
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Let's learn Hokkaido Dialect (Hokkaido-ben) !!
14 november 2021 · 8 min
Even fluent speakers of standard Japanese scratch their heads a little when they come to Hokkaido and hear phrases they have never encountered before in their lives, like namara and shitakke. These words are part of the main dialect spoken in Hokkaido, known as Hokkaido-ben. Lees meer
In this episode I had my friend Nori-chan to talk about Hokaido ben!
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Episode 56 - How to make "Ta form (Ta kei)"
14 november 2021 · 5 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmhji2HdzVE&t=182s
★"Ta Form"★
When you conjugate verbs into the ta-form, you can utilize the conjugation rule of the te-form. Just like the te-form ends with て, the ta-form works the same as the te-form, but ends with た. Let’s check the conjugation rule.
au 会う → atta 会った
tatsu 立つ → tatta 立った
waru 割る → watta 割った
utsusu 写す → utsushita 写した
kaku 書く → kaita 書いた
oyogu 泳ぐ → oyoida 泳いだ
shinu 死ぬ → shinda 死んだ
manabu 学ぶ → mananda 学んだ
yasumu 休む → yasunda 休んだ
taberu 食べる → tabeta 食べた
okiru 起きる → okita 起きた
tojiru 閉じる → tojita 閉じた
iku 行く → itta 行った
kuru 来る(くる) → kita 来た(きた)
suru する → shita した
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Episode 55 - "Dictionary Form" + mae ni (how to say "before doing" in Japanese)
7 november 2021 · 8 min
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fisUab1JTSE&t=68s ★"Dictionary Form" + mae ni★
まえに (mae ni) means “before” and “in front of”. To express that something happens before something else, we should use the dictionary form of a verb followed by まえに (mae ni)
Verbs: Verb (Dictionary Form) + まえに (mae ni)
Nouns: Noun + の + まえに (mae ni)
Speak 話す (hanasu) 話します
Write 書く (kaku) 書きます
Swim 泳ぐ (oyogu) 泳ぎます
Read 読む (yomu) 読みます
Play 遊ぶ (asobu) 遊びます
Rise 立つ (OKtsu) 立ちます
Die 死ぬ (shinaked) 死にます
Sing 歌う (utau) 歌います
にほんへいくまえににほんごをべんきょうしました。
nihon e iku mae ni nihongo o benkyou shimashita.
(I studied Japanese before coming to Japan.)
かのじょはしけんのまえにえいがをみにいきました。
kanojo wa shiken no mae ni eiga o mini ikimashita.
(Before the exam, she went to watch a movie.)
ねるまえにおんがくをききましょう。
neru maeni ongaku o kikimashou
Let's listen to musik before going to bed.
てれびをみるまえにべんきょうしてください。
terebi o miru maeni benkyou shitekudasai
Please study before watching TV.
でんしゃにのるまえにきっぷをかってもいいですか？
densha ni noru maeni kippu o kattemo iidesuka?
May I buy a ticket before taking a train?
おおさかにひっこしするまえにとうきょうにすんでいました。
Oosaka ni hikkoshisuru maeni, Tokyo ni sunde imashita.
I lived in Tokyou before moving to Osaka.
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Episode 54 - "Dictionary Form" + koto ga dekimasu (how to say "can, cannot" in Japanese)
4 november 2021 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fekfO6R07mA&t=211s
★Verb Plain Form + koto ga dekimasu★
This means you have to add plain form of verb before the “koto ga dekimasu” form.
In Japanese language, it is possible to express ability and possibility with こと が できます (koto ga dekimasu) form. こと が できます (koto ga dekimasu) is polite form of こと が できる (koto ga dekiru). When you want to say your ability or possibility to do something, you can express it using こと が できます (koto ga dekimasu) form.
I can speak English. Watashi wa eigo wo hanasu koto ga dekiru. 私は英語を話すことがでます。
I can ride a bike. Watashi wa jitensha ni noru koto ga dekimasu. 私は自転車に乗ることができます。
I was able to take a photo. Watashi wa shashin wo toru koto ga dekita. 私は写真を撮ることができます。
I cannot speak Japanese. Watashi wa nihongo wo hanasu koto ga dekinai. 私は日本語が話すことができません。
I cannot drive a car. Watashi wa kuruma wo untensuru koto ga dekimasen. 私は車を運転することができません。
I was not able to swim. Watashi waoyogukotoga dekinakatta. 私は泳ぐことができませんでした。
Mika can make various countries dish.
ミカさん は いろいろな くに の りょうり を つくる ことができます。
Mika-san wa iru iru na kuni no ryouri wo tsukuru koto ga dekimasu.
Expressing ability to make various dishes.
Around how many meters can you swim?
なん メートル ぐらい およぐ ことができます か?
Nan meetoru gurai oyogu koto ga dekimasu ka?
Questioning about the ability of the swimming length.
You can visit here from 10am.
ここ は あさ 10じ から けんがく する ことができます。
Koko wa asa 10-ji kara kengaku suru koto ga dekimasu.
Expressing about, from when it is possible to visit the area.
I cannot memorize kanji.
かんじ を おぼえる ことができません。
Nakanaka kanji wo oboeru koto ga dekimasen.
Expressing about, inability/not possible to memorize kanji.
I can speak in Japanese.
わたし は にほんご を はなす ことができます。
Watashi wa nihongo wo hanasu koto ga dekimasu.
Expressing about, ability of speaking Japanese as a foreigner.
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Episode 53 - How to make "Dictionary form (Jisho kei)"
2 november 2021 · 6 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYYDWdv2VWI
Verbs る-form in Japanese are divided into 3 groups
Group 1: Verbs ending in う
あう あいます To meet
いく いきます To go
およぐ およぎます To swim
おす おします To push
あそぶ あそびます To play
のむ のみます To drink
まつ まちます To wait
うる うります To sell
Group 2: Verbs ending in る
Verbs that end in る but are preceded by /a/, /u/, /i/ or /o/ sounds belong to group 1 verbs. Example: おわる (owaru): to finish, つくる(tsukuru) : to create; きる (kiru): to cut, etc.
Verbs that end in る but are preceded by /e/ sound belong to group 2 verbs. For example: たべる(taberu): to eat, おぼえる (oboeru): to remember.
Exception: かえる (kaeru): to return, to go home (ends with “eru” but is a verb of group 1)
In addition, some group 2 verbs in Japanese are irregular verbs. They that end in “iru” are group 2 verbs such as: おきる (okiru): wake up, あびる (abiru): take a bath.
あける あけます To open
おきる おきます To get up
Group 3: Only 2 words する and くる
くる きます To come
しごと（を）する しごと（を）します To work
でんわ（を）する でんわ（を）します To call
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Episode 52 - "Nai form" nakutemo ii desu (how to say "don't have to" in Japanese)
31 oktober 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3YaNhJQzGA&t=44s
★なくてもいいです nakute mo ii desu★
It’s fine not to do something (do not have to do)
Meaning: don’t have to; there’s no need to
あなたは掃除しなくていいです。
Anata wa souji shinakute ī desu.
You don’t have to clean up.
あなたはこの本を借りなくていいです。
Anata wa kono hon o karinakutemo ii desu.
You don’t have to borrow this book.
これは書かなくてもいいですか。
Kore wa kakanakutemo ii desu ka.
Is it all right if I don’t write this?
急いでしなくてもよかったです。
Isoide shinakutemo yokatta desu.
You didn't have to do it quickly.
今日は学校に来なくてもよかったですよ。
Kyou wa gakkou ni konakutemo yokatta desu yo.
You didn't have to come to school today.
Q : Bōshi o (kaburu)kaburanakereba narimasen ka?
A : Hai, bōshi o kaburanakereba narimasen (Positive Answer)
A : Iie, bōshi o kaburanakute mo ii desu (Negative Answer)
Q : Kimono o (kiru)kinakute mo ii desu ka?
A : Hai, Kimono o kinakute mo ii desu (Positive Answer)
A : Iie, Kimono o kinakereba narimasen (Negative Answer)
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What is the impression of Japan from an exchange student point of view?
24 oktober 2021 · 11 min
What is it like to be a university student in Japan? Lees meer
In this episode I had my friend Jeffrey-san to talk about what it's like to work in Japan as a foreigner.
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Episode 51 - "Nai form" nakereba narimasen/nakereba ikemasen/naito ikemasen (how to say "must/ have to" in Japanese)
17 oktober 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fd63qJSl6ko&t=498s
★ないform なければなりません／なければいけません／ないといけません★
・Verb (ない-form ない) ければなりません
Verb (nai-form nai) nakereba narimasen
You have to do ~/You must do ~
・nakereba ikemasen (~なければいけません)
・nai to ikemasen (~ないといけません)
早くおきなければいけません。
hayaku okinakereba ikemasen
You have to get up early.
学校へ行かなければいけません。
gakkou e ikanakereba ikemasen
You have to go to school.
宿題をしなければいけません。
shukudai wo shinakereba ikemasen
You have to do homework.
薬を飲まなければいけません。
kusuri wo nomanakereba ikemasen
You have to take the medicine.
母を手伝わなければいけません。
haha o tetsudawanakerebaikemasen
I have to help my mom.
11時前に寝なければなければいけません。
11ji mae ni nanakereba ikemasen.
I have to sleep by 11pm
タバコを辞めないといけません。
tabako o yamenakereba ikemasen
I need to quit smoking.
試験がありますから、頑張らないといけません
shiken ga arimaseu kara, ganbara naito ikemasen
Because I have an exam, I must work hard
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Episode 50 - "Nai form" + dekudasai (how to say "please don't" in Japanese)
15 oktober 2021 · 8 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXHXZ8Lf3do&t=9s
★ないform＋でください★
ないでください (naide kudasai). Meaning: please don’t do. This is used after a verb to request to the listener to not do something. You can remove the ください (kudasai), to just say ないで (naide), which is more casual.
心配しないでください
shinpaishinaidekudasai
(please don’t worry)
話さないでください
hanasanaidekudasai
(please don't speak)
遊ばないでください
asobanaidekudasai
(please don't play)
写真を撮らないでください。
shashin o toranaide kudasai.
(please don’t take a picture)
学校でタバコを吸わないでください。
Gakkou de tabako o suwanaide kudasai.
(please do not smoke in the school.)
家の前に駐車しないでください。
Ie no mae ni chūsha shinaide kudasai.
(please do not park in front of the house)
すみません。かばんをこちらに置かないでくだい。あちらに置いてください。
Sumimasen. kaban wa kochira ni okanaide kudai. Asoko ni oite kudasai.
(I’m sorry, but please do not leave your bag here. Please put it there.)
パソコンを使っています。スイッチを切らないでください。
Pasokon o tsukatteimasu. Suitchi o kiranaide kudasai.
(I’m using a computer. Please do not switch off.)
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Episode 49 - How to make " nai form"
10 oktober 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eVw4T67TDE&t=334s
★Rules for Changing dictionary-form to nai-form★
For this section you will learn how to change dictionary-form (Plain Present Affirmation) to nai-form (Plain Present Negative).
The following are the rules for the 3 groups of Japanese verbs.
Group 1 Verbs
To change group 1 verbs from dictionary-form to nai-form, change the u-sound to a-sound in the last word. After that append ない (nai) to the changed words and you will get the nai-form of the verb.
For example, this group 1 Japanese verb かく (kaku) ends up with く (ku). If you change the u-sound to a-sound, く (ku) becomes か (ka). Adding ない (nai) at the end, you will get かかない (kakanai).
Exception:
まちますmachimasuまたない matanai
はなしますhanashimasu はなさないhanasanai
かいますkaimasu かわないkawanai
Group 2 Verbs
Group 2 verbs are much simpler. You just need to change る (ru) to ない (nai) and you will get the nai-form Japanese verbs.
Group 3 Verbs
Group 3 verbs are irregular verbs. You just need to memorize them. The nai-form of くる (kuru) is こない (konai) and the nai-form of する (suru) is しない (shinai).
In summary, the following diagram shows the rules when changing dictionary-form to nai-form for Japanese verbs.
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What it's like to work in Japan as a foreigner?
3 oktober 2021 · 17 min
Long hours, unpaid overtime, traditional working culture and hierarchical structures – these are some of the things that often come to mind when people think about working in Japan. Lees meer
In this episode I had my friend Taka-san to talk about what it's like to work in Japan as a foreigner.
Check out my Youtube Channel!
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Episode 48 - After doing... (te form + kara)
30 september 2021 · 5 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q_DBCdIVmk&t=265s
★て-form＋から★
から (kara) can be attached to the te-form of a verb in Japanese, becoming ~てから (~te kara). This is similar to “after doing (verb)…”
しゅくだいをしてからテレビをみました。
shukudai o shite kara terebi o mimashita.
(After doing my homework, I watched TV.)
ごはんをたべてからいえにかえりました。
gohan o tabete kara ie ni kaermashita.
(After eating, return home.)
うちにかえってからケーキをたべましょう
uchi ni kaette kara keeki o tabemashou
Let’s eat the cake as soon as we get back home!
くにへかえってから、だいがくにいきます。
Kuni e kaette kara, daigaku ni ikimasu.
I will go to a university after returning to my country.
えいがをみてから、ともだちにあいます。
Eiga o mite kara, tomodachi ni aimasu.
I will meet my friend after I watch a movie
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Episode 47 - Sequential actions and adjectives (te form, -kute, -de)
11 september 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpYYT23V2Qw&t=386s
★て-form、★
The te-form allows you to combine two verbs or more and express sequence of actions or states. You can consider the te-form in this context as “and” or “then.”
日曜日は友達に会って、映画を見て、レストランでビールを飲みました。
nichiyōbi wa tomodachi ni atte, eiga o mite, resutoran de bi-ru o nomimashita.
On Sunday I met my friends, watched a movie and drank beer at a restaurant.
明日は日本語の勉強をして、学校でバレーボールをします。
ashita wa nihongo no benkyō o shite, gakkō de bare-bo-ru o shimasu.
Tomorrow I will study Japanese and play volleyball at school.
You can also conjugate i-adjectives and nouns into the te-form and combine them. Regarding the conjugation, you just add で after nouns and na-adjectives. Combinations between adjectives or nouns and verbs are applicable as the third example shows.
彼女は頭がよくて、可愛いです。
kanojo wa atama ga yokute, kawaii desu.
She is smart and cute.
彼はハンサムで親切です。
kare wa hansamu de shinsetsu desu.
He is handsome and kind.
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Let's learn Kansai Dialect (Kansai-ben) !!
5 september 2021 · 19 min
Kansai is the region in the southern center of the mainland (Honshuu) of Japan that includes prefectures; Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Shiga and Wakayama Prefecture. The area is also called Kinki region, but when we talk about their dialect, we only say 関西弁（かんさいべん／Kansai Dialect）instead of Kinki dialect. Lees meer
In this episode I had my friend Shin-chan to talk about Kansai ben!
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Episode 46 - Repeated actions or resultant states (te form+imasu)
29 augustus 2021 · 9 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9ZH6EcGzeY&t=32s
★て-form + います(te form+imasu)★
You can use the same conjugations when expressing repeated actions or resultant states with て-form + います(te form+imasu). These verbs describe an activity which happens in an instant, as opposed to "for a duration of time". Inevitably, it means, the action causes a chaますnge in the status of someone, something or the situation after it. We will cal these verbs ecpressing actions for change.
私は日本語学校に行っています。
Watashi wa nihongo gakkō ni itteimasu.
I go to a Japanese language school.
私は日本語学校に行っていました。
Watashi wa nihongo gakkō ni itteimashita.
I went to a Japanese language school.
私は日本語学校に行っていません。
Watashi wa nihongo gakkō ni itteimasen.
I don’t go to a Japanese language school.
私は日本語学校に行っていませんでした。
Watashi wa nihongo gakkō ni itteimasendeshita.
I didn’t go to a Japanese language school.
田中さんは結婚しています。
Tanaka san wa kekkon shiteimasu.
Mr. Tanaka is married.
田中さんは結婚していました。
Tanaka san wa kekkon shiteimashita.
Mr. Tanaka was married.
田中さんは結婚していません。
Tanaka san wa kekkon shiteimasen.
Mr. Tanaka is not married.
田中さんは結婚していませんでした。
Tanaka san wa kekkon shiteimasendeshita.
Mr. Tanaka was not married.
毎日日本語を勉強しています。
Mainichi nihongo o benkyou shiteimasu.
I study Japanese everyday.
私は友達と学校に行っています。
Watashi wa tomodachi to gakkou ni itteimasu.
I go to school with my friend.
私は日本に住んでいます。
Watashi wa nihon ni sundeimasu.
I live in Japan.
あの店で切手を売っています。
Ano mise de kitte o utteimasu.
They sell stamps in that shop.
私はあの人を知っています。
Watashi wa ano hito o shitteimasu.
I know that person.
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Episode 45 - You can do… ; You may do... (te form + mo ii desu )
22 augustus 2021 · 7 min
- Check my video for more details! - Lees meer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9ZH6EcGzeY&t=32s
★Polite Form: (te-form verb) + もいいですか(mo ii desu ka)★
Meaning: You can do… ; You may do
もいいですか (mo ii desu ka) is a polite way to ask permission. It should always come after the te-form of a verb. It is very similar to “Can I” or “May I” in English.
テレビをみてもいいですか
Telebi wo mite mo ii desu ka
(Can I watch television?)
このほんをよんでもいいですか
kono hon o yonde mo ii desu ka
(Can I read this book?)
チョコレートを食べてもいいですか
chokoreeto o tabete mo ii desu ka
(Can I eat these chocolates?)
はい。チョコレートをたべてもいいです。
Hai. chokoreeto o tabete mo iidesu.
Yes. You may eat the chocolates.
いいえ。チョコレートをたべてはいけません。
Iie. chokoreeto o tabete wa ikemasen.
No. You may not eat the chocolates.
このケーキをたべてもいいですか
kono keeki o tabete mo ii desu ka
(Can I eat this cake?)
みずをもらってもいいですか
mizu o moratte mo ii desu ka
(May I have some water?)
はいってもいいですか
Haitte mo ii desuka
(Can I come in?)
このほん、かりてもいい
Kono hon, karite mo ii
(Can I borrow this book?)
まどをあけてもいいですか
Mado o akete mo ii desu ka
(May I open the window?)
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Episode 44 - I'm doing ..., -ing form (te form + imasu )
11 augustus 2021 · 7 min
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdeszo3Ix3w&list=PLY94j5ZZrtXbS8jlLmf-SUSIR2ytwV1SF&index=23&t=486s
The te-form of action verb + "imasu (iru)"
If the verb indicates an action that can continue once started "to be -ing", such as "tabemasu" or "hanashimasu", it has the meaning above. Thus, "tabeteiru"=I am eating.
Other verbs of this kind are "nomimasu, arukimasu, hashirimasu, utaimasu, oyogimasu, kakimasu, mimasu, tsukaimasu, tsukurimasu, yasumimasu, benkyoushimasu, aimasu".
Drink coffee – Ko-hi- o nomimasu
Drinking coffee – Ko-hi- o nonde imasu
Drank coffee – Ko-hi- o nomimashita
I am writing a letter to friend – Tomodachi ni tegami o (kaku)kaite imasu
I am not writing postcard to friend – Tomodachi ni hagaki wa kaite imasen
I am singing oddies – Mukashi no uta o (utau)utatte imasu
I am not singing new song – Atarashii uta wa utatte imasen
Q : What are you doing? – Nani o (suru)shite imasu ka?
A : Swimming at the pool – Pu-ru de (oyogu)oyoide imasu
The te-form of verb + "iru/ imasu"
1. A continuing action at a certain point in time (E.g. I am studying Japanese now.)
2. A state or condition that was created by a previous action or event and that is still maintained at a certain point in time. (E.g. I have been studied (or studying) Japanese for two years.)
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Episode 43 - Please do ... (te form + kudasai )
4 augustus 2021 · 9 min
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdeszo3Ix3w&list=PLY94j5ZZrtXbS8jlLmf-SUSIR2ytwV1SF&index=23&t=486s
- New words -
ください (kudasai) is a way to request a favor in Japanese. It is similar to “Please” in English. When we use ください (kudasai), it is placed after the te-form of the verb. It can also can also come after a noun:
to go -- ikimasu -- itte kudasai (Please go)
to come -- kimasu -- kite kudasai (Please come)
to return -- kaerimasu -- kaette kudasai (Please return)
to eat -- tabemasu -- tabete kudasai (Please eat)
to drink -- nomimasu -- nonde kudasai (Please drink)
to see -- mimasu -- mite kudasai (Please see)
to listen -- kikimasu -- kiite kudasai (Please listen)
to buy -- kaimasu -- katte kudasai (Please buy)
to use -- tukaimasu -- tsukatte kudasai (Please use)
to take -- torimasu -- totte kudasai (Please take)
(te-form of a verb)+てください
(noun)+ をください
このかばんを持もってください。
kono kaban o motte kudasai.
(Please carry this bag.)
もって (motte) is the te-form of the verb もらう (morau), so we should place it before kudasai.
そのかばんをください
sono kaban o kudasai.
(Can I have that bag, please?)
かばん (kaban) is a noun so we just connect it to kudasai with を.
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Episode 42 - How to make "Te" form
2 augustus 2021 · 10 min
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31-dTOMmCK4&list=PLY94j5ZZrtXbS8jlLmf-SUSIR2ytwV1SF&index=22
- New words -
The ~ te form is an important Japanese verb form to know. It does not indicate tense by itself, however, it combines with other verb forms to create other tenses. Additionally, it has many other unique usages, such as speaking in the present progressive, connecting successive verbs or asking for permission.
い、ち、り、って／i, chi, ri, tte
み、び、に、んで／mi, bi, ni, nde
き、いて／ki, ite
ぎ、いで／gi, ide
し、して／shi, shite
きます/ ki-masu → きて/ kite
します/ shi-masu → して/ shite
Group 1 : most i-ending verbs (iki-masu, kaki-masu, ai-masu)
Group 2 : all e-ending verbs (tabe-masu, ake-masu, de-masu)
some i-ending verbs (mi-masu, i-masu, kari-masu)
Group 3 : two verbs; shimasu and kimasu (to come)
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Episode 41 - How to say Anyone, Anything, Anywhere, Anytime
30 juli 2021 · 7 min
- New words - Lees meer
interrogative pronoun + (particle) + でも ( = demo): any ~ /whatever, whichever, whoever, where
Noun + でも
だれでも・Anyone
なんでも・Anything
どこでも・Anywhere
いつでも・Anytime
1) わたしは なんでも たべます。(watashi wa nandemo tabemasu) = I eat anything/everything.
2) れいぞうこに なんでも ありますよ。(reizouko ni nandemo arimasuyo) = I have everything/many things in the refrigetator.
3) プレゼントは なんでも いいです。(purezento wa nandemo ii desu) = As for presents, anything is good for me.
Q : What do you like in sports? – スポーツは何が好きですか？Supo-tsu wa nani ga suki desu ka?
A : I like anything in sports – スポーツは何でも好きです。Supo-tsu wa nan demo suki desu
Q : Where do you like to go this Saturday? – 土曜日、どこへいきたいですか？doyōbi, doko e ikitaidesu ka?
A : Anywhere will do – どこでもいいです。Doko demo ii desu
Q : When do you want to go to the sea? – いつ海へ行きたいですか？Itsu, umi e ikitaidesu ka?
A : Anytime will do – いつでもいいです。 Istu demo ii desu
Q : Who would you choose? – 誰を選びますか？Dare o erabimasu ka?
A : Anybody – 誰でもいいです。Dare demo ii desu
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Episode 40 - How to say go to do, come to do, return to do (verb stem + ni ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu)
29 juli 2021 · 8 min
- New words - Lees meer
verb stem + に行きます（にいきます） - go to do
It is a very useful expression which means 'go (in order to) do (something)'.
It is very commonly used with the stem of the verb.
よく映画を見に行きます。
yoku eiga o mi ni ikimasu.
I often go to the movies.
彼は毎日川に泳ぎに行きます。
kare wa mainichigawa ni oyogi ni ikimasu.
He goes swimming in the river every day.
私は日本に勉強しに行きます。
watashi wa Nihon ni benkyōshi ni ikimasu.
I am going to Japan to study.
私は街に誕生日プレゼントを買いに行きます。
watashi wa machi ni tanjōbi purezento o kai ni ikimasu.
I am going downtown to buy a birthday present.
私たちは今日日本料理を食べに行きます。
watashitachi wa kyō Nihon ryōri o tabe ni ikimasu.
We're going out for Japanese food tonight.
私は友達に会いに行きます。
watashi wa tomodachi ni ai ni ikimasu.
I'm going to meet up with a friend.
私は国の家族に会いに帰ります。
watashi wa kuni no kazoku ni ai ni kuni e kaerimasu.
I go back to the country to see my family.
私は日本に勉強しに来ました。
watashi wa Nihon ni benkyōshi ni kimashita.
I came to Japan to study.
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Episode 39 - How to Say "Want" or "Desire (...tai desu)
27 juli 2021 · 7 min
- New words - Lees meer
When you desire or want something (noun), the expression used is "欲しい" or "ほしい" (hoshii).
Watashi wa kuruma ga hoshii desu. 私は車が欲しいです。 --- I want a car.
Watashi wa sono hon ga hoshii desu. 私はその本が欲しいです。 --- I want that book.
Watashi wa nihonjin no tomodachi ga hoshii desu. 私は日本人の友達が欲しいです。 --- I want a Japanese friend.
Watashi wa kamera ga hoshii desu. 私はカメラが欲しいです。 --- I want a camera.
When you desire or want to do something (verb - since it's an action), the Japanese expression "verb {stem of masu-form} たい" (tai) is used.
Nani ga tabetai desu ka. 何が食べたいですか。 --- What do you want to eat?
Watashi wa kono eiga ga mitai desu. 私はこの映画がみたいです。 --- I want to watch this movie.
Watashi wa amerika ni ikitai desu. 私はアメリカに行きたいです。 --- I want to go to America.
Take note that this expression is only used for first person, so it's always "watashi wa Noun ga hoshii desu". However "watashi wa" is normally omitted as it's obvious that the speaker is talking as the first person.
田中さんは犬 が ほしいです。 X
tanaka san wa inu ga hoshii desu X
Meaning: Mr Tanaka wants a dog. X
Note: This sentence is wrong because it's Mr Tanaka's desire
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Episode 38 - How to Express Comparison (the most..., the best...)
26 juli 2021 · 8 min
- New words - Lees meer
【のなかで[A]がいちばん】 (no naka de [A] ga ichiban).
Banana to ringo to orenji no naka de dore ga ichiban suki desu ka?
Which do you like the best, banana, apple or orange?
Basu to densha to shinkansen no naka de dore ga ichiban hayai desu ka?
Which is the fastest, bus, train or shinkansen?
kurasu no naka de dare ga ichiban uta ga jyouzu desu.
Who is the best singer in the class.
kurasu no naka de kanojyo ga ichiban uta ga jyouzu desu.
She was the best singer in the class.
Nihon no kisetsu no naka de itsu ga ichiban suki desu ka?
When do you like the most in Japanese seasons?
Nihon no kisetsu no naka de natsu ga ichiban suki desu ka?
I like summer the most in Japanese seasons.
Nihon no naka de doko ni ichiban ikitai desu ka?
Where do you want to go the most in Japan?
Nihon no naka de Kyouto ni ichiban ikitai desu.
I want to go to Kyoto the most in Japan.
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Episode 37 - How to Express Comparison
20 juli 2021 · 12 min
- New words - Lees meer
To compare two items or activities, use the sentence pattern:
AよりB(の)はAdjです。(A yori B wa Adj desu.)
AよりB(の)の方がAdjです。(A yori B no hō ga Adj desu.)
If you want to say something is more fun, big, interesting, etc. than something else or if you want to say you like something more than something else, you should use this pattern. In this sentence pattern, B is emphasized or preferred over A.
勉強よりゲームの方が楽しいです。(Benkyou yori geemu no hou ga tanoshii desu)
日本より中国の方が大きいです。(Nihon yori Chuugoku no hou ga ookii desu)
この本よりあの本の方が面白いです。(Kono hon yori ano hon no houga omoshiroi desu)
You can ask for another person’s opinion on two things in comparitive terms:
AとBとどちらのほうが【Adj】 ですか。
A to B to dochira no hou ga 【Adj】 desu ka?
Between A and B, which is more 【Adj】?
バスとでんしゃとどちらのほうがやすいですか。
Basu to densha to dochira no hou ga yasui desu ka?
バスの方が安いです。
Basu no hou ga yasui desu.
牛乳よりジュースの方が好きです。
gyūnyū yori jūsu no hō ga suki desu.
I like juice more than milk.
ゴルフよりテニスの方が楽しいです。
Gorufu yori tenisu no hō ga tanoshii desu.
Tennis is more fun than Golf.
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Episode 36 - Counters 3 - How to pronounce irregular counter words (-hai, -hon, -hiki)
18 juli 2021 · 7 min
- New words - Lees meer
small object
1本 いっぽん ippon
2本 にほん nihon
3本 さんぼん sambon
4本 よんほん yonhon
5本 ごほん gohon
6本 ろくほん rokuhon, ろっぽん roppon
7本 ななほん nanahon
8本 はちほん hachihon, はっぽん happon
9本 きゅうほん kyuuhon
10本 じゅっぽん juppon
何本 なんぼん nambon
cup of .., glass of ...
1杯 いっぱい ippai
2杯 にはい nihai
3杯 さんばい sambai
4杯 よんはい yonhai
5杯 ごはい gohai
6杯 ろくはい rokuhai, ろっぱい roppai
7杯 ななはい nanahai
8杯 はちはい hachihai, はっぱい happai
9杯 きゅうはい kyuuhai
10杯 じゅっぱい juppai
何杯 なんばい nambai
small animals, insect
1匹 いっぴき ippiki
2匹 にひき nihiki
3匹 さんびき sambiki
4匹 よんひき yonhiki
5匹 ごひき gohiki
6匹 ろくひき rokuhiki, ろっぴき roppiki
7匹 ななひき nanahiki
8匹 はちひき hachihiki, はっぴき happiki
9匹 きゅうひき kyuuhiki
10匹 じゅっひき juppiki
何匹 なんひき nambiki
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